Aage BohrNuclear physicist who showed with Ben Mottelson that atomic nuclei can deform and rotate; Premio Nobel de Física 1975 · 1975Aaron CiechanoverDescubrimiento de la degradación de proteínas mediada por ubiquitina · 2004Aaron KlugCrystallographic Electron Microscopy · 1982Ada YonathEstudios de la estructura y función del ribosoma · 2009Adam RiessAstrofísico; descubrió the accelerating universe, Premio Nobel 2011 · 1969Adolf von BaeyerQuímico orgánico who synthesized indigo dye; Premio Nobel de Química 1905 · 1835Alan HeegerQuímico conocido por conductive polymers; Premio Nobel de Química 2000 · 1936Albert EinsteinFísico que fundó special and general relativity and explained the photoelectric effect; Premio Nobel de Física 1921 · 1905Albert MichelsonOptical precision instruments and interferometry; the Michelson–Morley experiment and decades of measurements of the speed of light; Premio Nobel de Física 1907 · 1907Alexander Del MarMonetary economist and historian; first director of the U.S. Bureau of Statistics and author of A History of Money; of Sephardic Jewish family, praised by Nobel laureate James Tobin · 1836Alexei AbrikosovFísico; theory of the vortex lattice in type-II superconductors (1957), Premio Nobel de Física 2003 · 1928Alfred FriedAustrian pacifist; Premio Nobel de la Paz (1911) for founding the German peace movement · 1911Alfred GilmanRecibió el 1994 Premio Nobel for the discovery of G-proteins and their role in cellular signal transduction. · 1941Alvin RothTheory of stable allocations and the practice of market design · 2012André LwoffRecibió el 1965 Premio Nobel for work on lysogeny and the genetic control of viruses. · 1902Andrea GhezAstrónomo whose measurements of stellar orbits revealed the supermassive black hole at the centre of the Milky Way; Premio Nobel de Física 2020 · 1965Andrew FirePremio Nobel in medicine (2006) for the discovery of RNA interference (gene silencing) · 2006Arieh WarshelComputational chemist who, with Michael Levitt, published the first computer model of an enzymatic reaction (the QM/MM approach); Premio Nobel de Química 2013 · 2013Arno PenziasRadio astronomer, a child refugee of the Kindertransport, who with Robert Wilson discovered the cosmic microwave background, the afterglow of the Big Bang; Premio Nobel de Física 1978 · 1933Arseny RoginskyHistoriador que fundó and chaired Memorial, the human-rights society (Premio Nobel de la Paz 2022) · 1990Arthur AshkinFísico at Bell Labs que inventó optical tweezers and applied them to living cells; Premio Nobel de Física 2018 · 1922Arthur KornbergDNA Synthesis · 1959Arthur SchawlowFísico who with Charles Townes laid the theoretical foundations of the laser and then developed high-precision laser spectroscopy; Premio Nobel de Física 1981 · 1921Avram HershkoDescubrimiento de la degradación de proteínas mediada por ubiquitina · 2004Barry BarishFísico; leadership of LIGO detection of gravitational waves, Premio Nobel 2017 · 1936Baruch BlumbergVirus y vacuna de la hepatitis B · 1976Baruj BenacerrafDescubrió the immune response (Ir) genes of the major histocompatibility complex that control the strength of immune reactions; Premio Nobel de Fisiología o Medicina 1980; president of the… · 1920Ben BernankeEconomista who showed how bank failures deepened and prolonged the Great Depression; chaired the Federal Reserve from 2006 to 2014; Premio Nobel de Economía 2022 · 2006Ben MottelsonPremio Nobel in physics (1975) for nuclear structure; Atoms for Peace Award (1969) · 1975Bernard KatzShowed that acetylcholine is released at the nerve-muscle junction in packets of fixed size (quanta); Premio Nobel de Fisiología o Medicina 1970 · 1970Bernard KouchnerMédico francés que cofundó Médecins Sans Frontières (Premio Nobel de la Paz 1999); Jewish father · 1971Bernard LownCo-inventor of the defibrillator; cofundó IPPNW (Premio Nobel de la Paz 1985) · 1980Bob DylanCantautor · 1962Boris PasternakPoeta ruso (My Sister, Life), traductor of Shakespeare and Goethe, autor de Doctor Zhivago; Premio Nobel de Literatura 1958, which the Soviet authorities forced him to decline; born into an… · 1957Brian JosephsonFísico who, as a 22-year-old research student in Cambridge, predicted the Josephson effect, the tunnelling of a supercurrent between two superconductors; Premio Nobel de Física 1973 · 1940Bruce BeutlerFound that Toll-like receptor 4 is the sensor of bacterial lipopolysaccharide that switches on innate immunity; Premio Nobel de Fisiología o Medicina 2011 · 1957Burton RichterFísico; descubrió the J/psi particle (charm quark), Premio Nobel 1976 · 1931César MilsteinRecibió el 1984 Premio Nobel for developing the technique to produce monoclonal antibodies. · 1927Christian AnfinsenShowed with ribonuclease that a protein's amino-acid sequence alone determines its folded, active shape; Premio Nobel de Química 1972 · 1972Claude Cohen-TannoudjiFísico; methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light, Premio Nobel de Física 1997; co-author of the textbook Quantum Mechanics · 1997Claudia GoldinPremio Nobel (2023) who chronicled women's place in the labor market; Nemmers Prize (2020) · 2023Dan ShechtmanCuasicristales · 2011Daniel KahnemanPsicólogo who, with Amos Tversky, documented the systematic biases of intuitive judgment and developed prospect theory (1979); Premio Nobel de Economía 2002 · 2002Daniel NathansUsed restriction enzymes to cut the DNA of the tumour virus SV40 into defined fragments and map it, founding a basic method of molecular biology; Premio Nobel de Fisiología o Medicina 1978 · 1928David BakerBioquímico que creó the Rosetta software and designed Top7, the first protein with a structure unknown in nature; Premio Nobel de Química 2024 for computational protein design · 1962David BaltimoreDescubrió reverse transcriptase (1970), the enzyme retroviruses such as HIV use to copy RNA into DNA; Premio Nobel de Fisiología o Medicina 1975; president of Caltech 1997–2006 · 1975David GrossFísico; descubrió asymptotic freedom in QCD, Premio Nobel 2004 · 1941David JuliusRecibió el 2021 Premio Nobel in Medicine for discovering receptors for temperature and touch · 1955David LeeFísico; with Douglas Osheroff and Robert Richardson discovered superfluidity in helium-3 at Cornell in 1972, Premio Nobel de Física 1996 · 1931Dennis GaborHolography · 1947Donald GlaserFísico; inventó the bubble chamber (1952), Premio Nobel de Física 1960; later a pioneer of biotechnology (Cetus) and of vision neuroscience · 1926Douglas DiamondPremio Nobel (2022) whose Diamond-Dybvig model explains bank runs and the role of banks in financial crises · 1953Douglas OsheroffFísico; as a Cornell graduate student co-discovered superfluidity in helium-3 in 1972, Premio Nobel de Física 1996 · 1945Drew WeissmanMédico and immunologist who with Katalin Karikó found the nucleoside base modifications that made mRNA vaccines against COVID-19 possible; Premio Nobel de Fisiología o Medicina 2023 · 2023Edmond FischerRecibió el 1992 Premio Nobel for discovering reversible protein phosphorylation as a biological regulatory mechanism. · 1920Elfriede JelinekNovelista austríaco and playwright (The Piano Teacher, The Children of the Dead); Premio Nobel de Literatura 2004 for her musical flow of voices and counter-voices; daughter of a chemist of… · 1946Elias CanettiPremio Nobel-winning novelist ('Auto-da-Fé', 'Crowds and Power') · 1905Elie MetchnikoffDescubrió phagocytosis and cellular immunity; Nobel 1908 (NOT the inventor of yogurt; he popularized the probiotic/lactic-acid longevity theory) · 1908Elie WieselHolocaust survivor and writer (Night); chairman of the President's Commission on the Holocaust that led to the US Holocaust Memorial Museum; Premio Nobel de la Paz 1986 as a messenger to mankind · 1986Elinor OstromFirst woman to receive the Premio Nobel de Economía (2009), for her analysis of economic governance, especially the commons; daughter of a Jewish father, raised Protestant · 2009Emilio SegrèFísico; descubrió the antiproton, Premio Nobel 1959 · 1905Eric KandelShowed in the sea snail Aplysia how learning changes synapses and how short- and long-term memories are stored; Premio Nobel de Fisiología o Medicina 2000 · 2000Eric MaskinPremio Nobel (2007) for developing the theory of mechanism design · 1950Ernst Boris ChainBioquímico who, with Howard Florey at Oxford, isolated penicillin and demonstrated its curative action; Premio Nobel de Fisiología o Medicina 1945 · 1906Eugene WignerMathematical physicist; brought group theory and symmetry principles into quantum mechanics, theory of the nuclear force; Premio Nobel de Física 1963 · 1902Felix BlochQuantum theory of electrons in crystals and nuclear magnetic induction (NMR); Premio Nobel de Física 1952; first Director-General of CERN · 1905Franco ModiglianiLife-Cycle Hypothesis · 1985François EnglertTheory of the mechanism giving elementary particles mass (Higgs mechanism) · 2013François JacobRecibió el 1965 Premio Nobel for discovering the operon model of gene regulation. · 1920Frank WilczekFísico teórico que descubrió asymptotic freedom with David Gross and named the axion and anyons; Premio Nobel de Física 2004 · 2004Frederick ReinesFísico; first experimental detection of the neutrino, Premio Nobel 1995 · 1918Fritz HaberSynthesis of ammonia from atmospheric nitrogen and hydrogen, the basis of the Haber–Bosch process and of nitrogen fertiliser; Premio Nobel de Química 1918 · 1918Fritz LipmannDescubrió coenzyme A and introduced the concept of energy-rich phosphate bonds; Premio Nobel de Fisiología o Medicina 1953 · 1899Gabriel LippmannInventó interference method of color photography; Nobel Physics 1908 · 1908Gary BeckerEconomic Analysis of Human Behavior · 1992Gary RuvkunBiólogo molecular who, with Victor Ambros, descubrió microRNA and its role in gene regulation, and showed in 2000 that the second microRNA, let-7, is conserved across animals; Premio Nobel de… · 1952George AkerlofPremio Nobel de Economía 2001 for the analysis of markets with asymmetric information; his 1970 paper The Market for Lemons showed how hidden quality can make a market wither · 1940George de HevesyPionero de radioactive tracers in chemistry and biology and co-discoverer of hafnium; Premio Nobel de Química 1943 · 1943George OlahQuímico who used superacids to make fleeting carbocations stable enough to study; Premio Nobel de Química 1994 · 1927George WaldRecibió el 1967 Premio Nobel for discovering the biochemical processes of vision in the retina. · 1906Georges CharpakFísico; inventó the multiwire proportional chamber particle detector, Premio Nobel 1992 · 1924Gerald EdelmanRecibió el 1972 Premio Nobel for determining the chemical structure of antibodies. · 1929Gertrude ElionFue pionero de rational drug design with George Hitchings, producing 6-mercaptopurine for childhood leukaemia, azathioprine for transplants, allopurinol, acyclovir and other medicines; Premio Nobel… · 1988Gerty CoriBioquímico awarded the 1947 Premio Nobel for discovering the Cori cycle of glycogen metabolism; first woman to win the medicine Nobel. · 1896Giuseppe LeviHistologist and pioneer of tissue culture who mentored three future Nobel laureates. · 1872Gustav Ludwig HertzPremio Nobel in physics for the Franck–Hertz experiment that proved the quantum energy levels of atoms, forced out of his chair in 1935 for his Jewish grandfather · 1925H. David PolitzerFísico; descubrió asymptotic freedom in QCD, Premio Nobel 2004 · 1949Hans BetheManhattan Project Theoretical Division Head · 1945Hans KrebsDiscovery of the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) in cellular metabolism · 1953Harold KrotoPremio Nobel in chemistry (1996) for the discovery of fullerenes (buckyballs) · 1996Harold PinterDrama uncovering the precipice under everyday conversation · 2005Harold VarmusWith Michael Bishop showed that retroviral oncogenes derive from normal cellular genes (proto-oncogenes), Premio Nobel de Fisiología o Medicina 1989; director of the NIH 1993–1999 and of the National… · 1989Harry MarkowitzModern portfolio theory: choosing investments by the expected return and the variance of the whole portfolio (Portfolio Selection, 1952); Premio Nobel de Economía 1990 · 1990Harvey AlterRecibió el 2020 Premio Nobel for the discovery of the hepatitis C virus. · 1935Henri BergsonFilósofo francés of duration and creative evolution, Premio Nobel de Literatura 1927 for his rich and vitalizing ideas; refused Vichy's exemption from the anti-Jewish laws and registered as a Jew in… · 1927Henri KaganQuímico, pionero de asymmetric catalysis (DIOP, nonlinear effects); Premio Nobel de Química 2026 · 2026Henri MoissanQuímico who first isolated fluorine; Premio Nobel de Química 1906 · 1852Henry KissingerHarvard political scientist, National Security Advisor and Secretary of State; Premio Nobel de la Paz 1973 for negotiating the Vietnam cease-fire · 1923Herbert BrownQuímico who found how to make sodium borohydride and developed hydroboration, turning boron compounds into important reagents of organic synthesis; Premio Nobel de Química 1979 · 1979Herbert HauptmanX-ray Crystallography · 1985Herbert SimonSocial scientist of administrative decision-making and bounded rationality, and with Allen Newell a pioneer of artificial intelligence; Premio Nobel de Economía 1978 · 1978Hermann MullerShowed in 1927 that X-rays produce gene mutations, founding radiation genetics; Premio Nobel de Fisiología o Medicina 1946 · 1890Howard TeminProposed the DNA provirus hypothesis (1964) and co-discovered reverse transcriptase (1970), showing that genetic information can flow from RNA to DNA; Premio Nobel de Fisiología o Medicina 1975 · 1975Ilya FrankFísico; with Igor Tamm explained Cherenkov radiation (1937); Premio Nobel de Física 1958, shared with Cherenkov and Tamm · 1908Ilya PrigogineDissipative Structures · 1977Imre KertészHungarian survivor of Auschwitz and Buchenwald, autor de Fatelessness; Premio Nobel de Literatura 2002 for writing that upholds the fragile experience of the individual against the barbaric… · 2002Irwin RoseRecibió el 2004 Premio Nobel for the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation. · 1926Isaac Bashevis SingerNovelista · 1978Isidor RabiResonance method for recording the magnetic properties of atomic nuclei, the basis of NMR and later MRI; Premio Nobel de Física 1944 · 1944J. Michael KosterlitzPremio Nobel de Física 2016 for theoretical discoveries of topological phase transitions and topological phases of matter · 2016Jack SteinbergerFísico; descubrió the muon neutrino, Premio Nobel 1988 · 1921James FranckFranck–Hertz experiment confirming the quantized energy levels of atoms; Premio Nobel de Física 1925; later research on photosynthesis · 1882James RothmanBioquímico who uncovered the protein machinery of the SNAREs that lets vesicles dock and fuse with their targets inside cells; Premio Nobel de Fisiología o Medicina 2013 · 1950Jay PritzkerFundador de Hyatt Hotels (1957) and creator, with his wife Cindy, of the Pritzker Architecture Prize — architecture's Nobel. · 1957Jerome FriedmanFísico; deep inelastic scattering revealing quarks, Premio Nobel 1990 · 1930Jerome KarleQuímico físico who with Herbert Hauptman developed the direct methods for determining crystal structures from X-ray diffraction data; Premio Nobel de Química 1985 · 1985Joel MokyrEconomic historian who showed that sustained growth needed both practical know-how and scientific explanation, in a culture open to new ideas; Premio Nobel de Economía 2025; son of Dutch Jewish… · 2025John HarsanyiAnálisis matemático of games of incomplete information (1967–1968), a foundation of the economics of information; Premio Nobel de Economía 1994 · 1920John PolanyiQuímico conocido por reaction dynamics and chemiluminescence; Premio Nobel 1986 · 1929John VaneRecibió el 1982 Premio Nobel for discovering how aspirin works and the biology of prostaglandins. · 1927Joseph BrodskyPremio Nobel-winning poet and US Poet Laureate · 1940Joseph ErlangerFisiólogo who, with Herbert Gasser, construyó a cathode-ray oscillograph to record nerve impulses and showed that nerve fibres conduct at speeds set by their diameter; Premio Nobel de Fisiología o… · 1874Joseph GoldsteinWith Michael Brown discovered the LDL receptor (1973) and how cells regulate cholesterol, the scientific basis of statin drugs; Premio Nobel de Fisiología o Medicina 1985 · 1940Joseph RotblatFísico who left the Manhattan Project on conscience; Premio Nobel de la Paz (1995) for the Pugwash anti-nuclear conferences · 1995Joseph StiglitzPremio Nobel de Economía 2001 for the analysis of markets with asymmetric information (screening, credit rationing, efficiency wages); chief economist of the World Bank 1997–2000 · 2001Joshua AngristEconomista who, with Guido Imbens, showed what natural experiments can reveal about cause and effect, and used them to measure the effects of schooling, class size and military service; Premio Nobel… · 1960Joshua LederbergShowed that bacteria mate and exchange genes (genetic recombination) and co-discovered transduction; Premio Nobel de Fisiología o Medicina 1958 · 1958Julian SchwingerFísico; cofundador de quantum electrodynamics (QED), Premio Nobel 1965 · 1918Julius AxelrodShowed that nerve endings take back the noradrenaline they release (reuptake) and discovered the enzyme COMT; Premio Nobel de Fisiología o Medicina 1970 · 1970K. Alexander MüllerFísico at IBM Zurich who with Georg Bednorz discovered high-temperature superconductivity in ceramic copper oxides in 1986; Premio Nobel de Física 1987 · 1927Karl LandsteinerDescubrimiento de los grupos sanguíneos humanos · 1930Karl von FrischRecibió el 1973 Premio Nobel in Medicine for decoding the 'dance language' of honeybees · 1886Kenneth ArrowEconomista who proved the impossibility theorem of social choice and, with Gérard Debreu, the existence of a general equilibrium in a competitive economy; Premio Nobel de Economía 1972 · 1972Konrad BlochBioquímico awarded the 1964 Premio Nobel for elucidating the metabolism of cholesterol and fatty acids. · 1912László KrasznahorkaiPremio Nobel húngaro in literature (2025), autor de Satantango; Jewish father · 2025Lawrence KleinEconomista who built the first large econometric models of national economies, the Wharton models and Project LINK; Premio Nobel de Economía 1980 · 1980Leon CooperFísico who proposed the electron pairs now called Cooper pairs and co-authored the BCS theory of superconductivity, then modelled learning in the brain; Premio Nobel de Física 1972 · 1930Leon LedermanExperimental physicist que descubrió the muon neutrino and the bottom quark, dirigió Fermilab and championed science teaching; Premio Nobel de Física 1988 · 1922Leonid HurwiczFundador de mechanism design theory; Premio Nobel de Economía 2007, received at ninety, the oldest laureate to that date · 1917Leonid KantorovichFundó linear programming; Premio Nobel in economics. · 1912Lev LandauFísico teórico; theory of superfluidity of liquid helium and of condensed matter, Premio Nobel de Física 1962; co-author of the Course of Theoretical Physics · 1908Louise GlückPremio Nobel-winning American poet and US Poet Laureate · 1943Ludwik RajchmanMédico polaco que fundó UNICEF (Premio Nobel de la Paz 1965) · 1946Maria Goeppert MayerFísico teórico who explained the magic numbers with the nuclear shell model; Premio Nobel de Física 1963 · 1963Marshall NirenbergGenetic Code · 1968Martin ChalfieShowed that the jellyfish's green fluorescent protein (GFP) can light up chosen cells in living organisms; Premio Nobel de Química 2008 · 1947Martin KarplusQuímico teórico who pioneered computer simulations of molecules, from the Karplus equation to the first molecular dynamics of a protein; Premio Nobel de Química 2013 · 2013Martin PerlFísico; descubrió the tau lepton, Premio Nobel 1995 · 1927Martin RodbellRecibió el 1994 Premio Nobel for the discovery of G-proteins in cellular signal transduction. · 1925Max BornCofundador de quantum mechanics who gave the statistical interpretation of the wave function; Premio Nobel de Física 1954 · 1954Max PerutzHemoglobin Structure · 1962Melvin CalvinPhotosynthesis · 1961Melvin SchwartzFísico; descubrió the muon neutrino, Premio Nobel 1988 · 1932Menachem BeginSixth Prime Minister of Israel (1977–1983); negotiated the Camp David Accords and signed the 1979 Egypt–Israel peace treaty; Premio Nobel de la Paz 1978 with Anwar Sadat · 1977Merton MillerModigliani–Miller theorems on capital structure and dividend policy (1958, with Franco Modigliani), foundation of modern corporate finance; Premio Nobel de Economía 1990 · 1990Michael KremerPremio Nobel in economics (2019) for experimental approaches to fighting poverty · 2019Michael RosbashGenetista who with Jeffrey Hall isolated the period gene and showed how its protein drives the feedback loop of the circadian clock; Premio Nobel de Fisiología o Medicina 2017 · 1944Michael S. BrownRecibió el 1985 Premio Nobel for discovering the LDL receptor and the regulation of cholesterol metabolism. · 1941Michel DevoretFísico who showed quantum tunnelling and energy quantisation in a macroscopic superconducting circuit, groundwork for superconducting qubits; Premio Nobel de Física 2025 · 1953Milton FriedmanFree Market Economics · 1962Miriam MichelsonMiriam Michelson grew up in the iconic mining town of Virginia City, Nevada, the seventh of eight children of Jewish immigrant parents and sister of Albert Michelson, a future Nobel prize-winner.Murray Gell-MannClassification of elementary particles and their interactions (quark theory) · 1969Myron ScholesBlack–Scholes option-pricing formula (1973, with Fischer Black); Premio Nobel de Economía 1997 · 1997Nadine GordimerPremio Nobel-winning South African novelist and anti-apartheid voice · 1923Nelly SachsGerman-Swedish poet, Premio Nobel de Literatura 1966; escribió on the Jewish experience and Holocaust · 1966Niels BohrFísico who gave the quantum model of the atom in 1913 and led Copenhagen's Institute for Theoretical Physics; Premio Nobel de Física 1922 · 1913Oliver HartPremio Nobel in economics (2016) for contract theory · 2016Otto LoewiFarmacólogo who proved the chemical transmission of nerve impulses and identified the vagus substance as acetylcholine; Premio Nobel de Fisiología o Medicina 1936 · 1936Otto MeyerhofRecibió el 1922 Premio Nobel for discovering the relationship between oxygen consumption and lactic acid metabolism in muscle. · 1884Otto SternMolecular beam method, the Stern–Gerlach experiment and the discovery of the magnetic moment of the proton; Premio Nobel de Física 1943 · 1888Otto WallachQuímico conocido por alicyclic compounds and terpenes; Premio Nobel 1910 · 1847Otto WarburgDiscovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme · 1931Patrick ModianoPremio Nobel-winning French novelist of memory and occupation · 1945Paul BergBioquímico who made the first recombinant DNA molecule in 1972, the starting point of genetic engineering, and organized the 1975 Asilomar conference on its safety; Premio Nobel de Química 1980 · 1972Paul EhrlichQuimioterapia · 1908Paul GreengardShowed how dopamine and other transmitters act on nerve cells through protein phosphorylation, the basis of slow synaptic transmission; Premio Nobel de Fisiología o Medicina 2000 · 1925Paul KrugmanNew trade theory and new economic geography; sole winner of the 2008 Premio Nobel de Economía for his analysis of trade patterns and location of economic activity · 2008Paul MilgromEconomista who generalised auction theory and, with Robert Wilson, diseñó the simultaneous multiple round auction first used for US radio spectrum in 1994; Premio Nobel de Economía 2020 · 1948Paul SamuelsonEconomic Theory · 1948Paul von HeyseFirst German Nobel laureate in literature (1910); poeta and novelist of Jewish paternal descent · 1910Peter BenensonAbogado británico que fundó Amnesty International (Premio Nobel de la Paz 1977) · 1961Peter DiamondEconomista who laid the foundations of search theory — why unemployment and job vacancies coexist — and wrote widely used models of public debt and optimal taxation; Premio Nobel de Economía 2010 · 1940Philippe AghionEconomista who, with Peter Howitt, construyó the model of growth through creative destruction (1992); John von Neumann Award 2009; Premio Nobel de Economía 2025 · 2025Rainer WeissFísico who conceived the laser-interferometer design of LIGO and co-founded it; first observation of gravitational waves; Premio Nobel de Física 2017 · 2017Ralph SteinmanInmunólogo que descubrió the dendritic cell in 1973 and showed how it switches on adaptive immunity; Premio Nobel de Fisiología o Medicina 2011 · 1943Randy SchekmanCell biologist who used yeast genetics to find the genes that govern vesicle traffic and protein secretion in cells; Premio Nobel de Fisiología o Medicina 2013 · 1948Raphael LemkinPolish-Jewish lawyer who coined the word 'genocide' (1944) and single-handedly campaigned for the UN Genocide Convention, adopted in 1948. Lost 49 relatives in the Holocaust; twice nominated for the… · 1948Reinhard SeltenSubgame perfection (1965) and trembling-hand perfection (1975), refining the Nash equilibrium; pionero de experimental economics; Premio Nobel de Economía 1994 · 1994René CassinJurist of Free France and principal drafter of the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights; president of the European Court of Human Rights and Premio Nobel de la Paz 1968 · 1968Richard AxelRecibió el 2004 Premio Nobel for discovering odorant receptors and the organization of the olfactory system. · 1946Richard FeynmanFísico who helped rebuild quantum electrodynamics and introduced Feynman diagrams; Premio Nobel de Física 1965 · 1948Richard ThalerFundador de behavioural economics — mental accounting, the endowment effect, fairness and self-control — and co-author of Nudge (2008); Premio Nobel de Economía 2017 · 2017Richard WillstätterWorked out the chemistry of chlorophyll and other plant pigments; Premio Nobel de Química 1915 · 1915Rita Levi-MontalciniDiscovery of nerve growth factor (NGF), first isolated in 1952; Premio Nobel de Fisiología o Medicina 1986; senator for life of Italy from 2001 · 1986Roald HoffmannQuímico teórico and child survivor of the Holocaust who with Robert Woodward set out the orbital symmetry rules for the course of chemical reactions; Premio Nobel de Química 1981, shared with Kenichi… · 1981Robert AumannTeoría de juegos · 2005Robert BárányOtologist awarded the 1914 Premio Nobel in Medicine for his work on the physiology and pathology of the vestibular (balance) apparatus of the inner ear. · 1876Robert C. MertonPremio Nobel in economics (1997) for the Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing model; son of sociologist Robert K. Merton · 1997Robert FogelRenewal of economic history using quantitative and economic-theory methods · 1993Robert FurchgottRecibió el 1998 Premio Nobel for discovering nitric oxide as a signaling molecule in the cardiovascular system. · 1916Robert HofstadterFísico; electron scattering revealing the size and structure of nuclei and nucleons, Premio Nobel de Física 1961; thallium-activated sodium iodide gamma-ray detector · 1915Robert LefkowitzMédico and biochemist who tracked down and characterised the G-protein-coupled receptors through which about half of all medicines act; Premio Nobel de Química 2012 · 1943Robert SolowEconomic Growth Theory · 1987Roger KornbergBioquímico who identified the nucleosome and captured the transcription machinery of eukaryotic cells in atomic detail; Premio Nobel de Química 2006 · 2006Roger MyersonPremio Nobel (2007) for foundational work on mechanism design and game theory · 1951Roger PenroseMathematical physicist who proved that black holes are an inevitable outcome of general relativity; twistor theory and Penrose tilings; Premio Nobel de Física 2020 · 1931Roger W. Straus Jr.Cofundó Farrar, Straus and Giroux in 1946 and made it the most decorated literary house in America — more than twenty of its authors have won the Nobel. · 1946Rosalyn YalowDesarrolló radioimmunoassay with Solomon Berson, a way of measuring minute amounts of hormones in the blood, which they chose not to patent; Premio Nobel de Fisiología o Medicina 1977 · 1977Roy GlauberFísico teórico whose quantum theory of optical coherence founded quantum optics; Premio Nobel de Física 2005 · 1925Rudolph MarcusQuímico teórico whose Marcus theory explains the rates of electron transfer reactions, from corrosion to photosynthesis, and co-author of the RRKM theory of reaction rates; Premio Nobel de Química… · 1923Salvador LuriaShowed with Max Delbrück that bacteria mutate spontaneously (fluctuation test); cofundó the phage group; Premio Nobel de Fisiología o Medicina 1969 for discoveries on the replication and genetics of… · 1912Saul BellowNovelista · 1953Saul PerlmutterAstrofísico who led the Supernova Cosmology Project and co-discovered the accelerating expansion of the universe; Premio Nobel de Física 2011 · 2011Selman WaksmanEstreptomicina (primer antibiótico contra la tuberculosis), descubrió in his Rutgers laboratory; coined the term antibiotics; Premio Nobel de Fisiología o Medicina 1952 · 1943Serge HarocheFísico; measuring and manipulating individual quantum systems, Premio Nobel 2012 · 1944Sheldon GlashowFísico; electroweak unification theory, Premio Nobel 1979 · 1932Shimon PeresDirector-general of the Ministry of Defence (1953–1959), Prime Minister (1984–1986, 1995–1996) and ninth President of Israel (2007–2014); as foreign minister led the Israeli side of the 1993 Oslo… · 1984Shmuel Yosef AgnonCentral figure of modern Hebrew fiction (The Bridal Canopy, A Guest for the Night, Only Yesterday); Premio Nobel de Literatura 1966, shared with Nelly Sachs, for narrative art with motifs from the… · 1887Sidney AltmanCatalytic RNA · 1989Simon KuznetsEmpirical research on economic growth and the measurement of national income · 1971Stanley CohenFactores de crecimiento · 1986Stanley PrusinerDescubrió prions, infectious agents made of misfolded protein alone, the cause of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and scrapie; Premio Nobel de Fisiología o Medicina 1997 · 1997Steven WeinbergUnified theory of the electromagnetic and weak forces (electroweak unification) · 1979Sydney BrennerHelped establish messenger RNA and the triplet genetic code, and made the roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans a model for the genetics of development; Premio Nobel de Fisiología o Medicina 2002 · 2002Tadeus ReichsteinRecibió el 1950 Premio Nobel for research on the hormones of the adrenal cortex, including cortisone. · 1897Tobias AsserDutch jurist; cofundador de the Institute of International Law (1873) and initiator and president of the Hague conferences on private international law; Premio Nobel de la Paz 1911 · 1911Vitaly GinzburgFísico; Ginzburg-Landau theory of superconductivity (1950), Premio Nobel de Física 2003 · 1916Walter GilbertDNA Sequencing · 1980Walter KohnFísico, cofundador de density functional theory; Premio Nobel de Química 1998 · 1923Wassily LeontiefEconomista que creó input-output analysis and compiled the first input-output tables of the American economy; Premio Nobel de Economía 1973 · 1905Willem EinthovenInventeur de l'électrocardiogramme, prix Nobel de médecine 1924 · 1903William NordhausEconomista who built the first integrated assessment models of the economy and the climate, including the DICE model (1992); Premio Nobel de Economía 2018 · 1941William SteinRibonuclease Structure · 1972Wolfgang PauliFísico teórico who formulated the exclusion principle and proposed the neutrino; Premio Nobel de Física 1945 · 1945Yelena BonnerSoviet dissident and founder of the Moscow Helsinki Group; carried Andrei Sakharov's Nobel lecture to Oslo and kept the Soviet human-rights movement visible from exile · 1976Yitzhak RabinPrime Minister of Israel (1974–1977 and 1992–1995) and IDF Chief of Staff in 1967; signed the 1993 Declaration of Principles and the 1994 Israel–Jordan peace treaty; Premio Nobel de la Paz 1994 · 1974Zhores AlferovFísico; semiconductor heterostructures for optoelectronics, Premio Nobel 2000 · 1930ACAndré CharpakComédien, dialoguiste et réalisateur, auteur du Crime de David Levinstein, frère du prix Nobel Georges Charpak · 1967HRH. Robert HorvitzRecibió el 2002 Premio Nobel for discoveries on the genetic regulation of programmed cell death (apoptosis). · 1947MLMichael LevittQuímica computacional · 2013