Aage BohrNuclear physicist who showed with Ben Mottelson that atomic nuclei can deform and rotate; Prix Nobel de physique 1975 · 1975Aaron CiechanoverDécouverte de la dégradation des protéines par l'ubiquitine · 2004Aaron KlugCrystallographic Electron Microscopy · 1982Ada YonathTravaux sur la structure et la fonction du ribosome · 2009Adam RiessAstrophysicien; a découvert the accelerating universe, prix Nobel 2011 · 1969Adolf von BaeyerChimiste organicien who synthesized indigo dye; Prix Nobel de chimie 1905 · 1835Alan HeegerChimiste connu pour conductive polymers; Prix Nobel de chimie 2000 · 1936Albert EinsteinPhysicien qui a fondé special and general relativity and explained the photoelectric effect; Prix Nobel de physique 1921 · 1905Albert MichelsonOptical precision instruments and interferometry; the Michelson–Morley experiment and decades of measurements of the speed of light; Prix Nobel de physique 1907 · 1907Alexander Del MarMonetary economist and historian; first director of the U.S. Bureau of Statistics and author of A History of Money; of Sephardic Jewish family, praised by Nobel laureate James Tobin · 1836Alexei AbrikosovPhysicien; theory of the vortex lattice in type-II superconductors (1957), Prix Nobel de physique 2003 · 1928Alfred FriedAustrian pacifist; Prix Nobel de la paix (1911) for founding the German peace movement · 1911Alfred GilmanA reçu le 1994 prix Nobel for the discovery of G-proteins and their role in cellular signal transduction. · 1941Alvin RothTheory of stable allocations and the practice of market design · 2012André LwoffA reçu le 1965 prix Nobel for work on lysogeny and the genetic control of viruses. · 1902Andrea GhezAstronome whose measurements of stellar orbits revealed the supermassive black hole at the centre of the Milky Way; Prix Nobel de physique 2020 · 1965Andrew FireLauréat du prix Nobel in medicine (2006) for the discovery of RNA interference (gene silencing) · 2006Arieh WarshelComputational chemist who, with Michael Levitt, published the first computer model of an enzymatic reaction (the QM/MM approach); Prix Nobel de chimie 2013 · 2013Arno PenziasRadio astronomer, a child refugee of the Kindertransport, who with Robert Wilson discovered the cosmic microwave background, the afterglow of the Big Bang; Prix Nobel de physique 1978 · 1933Arseny RoginskyHistorien qui a fondé and chaired Memorial, the human-rights society (Prix Nobel de la paix 2022) · 1990Arthur AshkinPhysicien at Bell Labs qui a inventé optical tweezers and applied them to living cells; Prix Nobel de physique 2018 · 1922Arthur KornbergDNA Synthesis · 1959Arthur SchawlowPhysicien who with Charles Townes laid the theoretical foundations of the laser and then developed high-precision laser spectroscopy; Prix Nobel de physique 1981 · 1921Avram HershkoDécouverte de la dégradation des protéines par l'ubiquitine · 2004Barry BarishPhysicien; leadership of LIGO detection of gravitational waves, prix Nobel 2017 · 1936Baruch BlumbergVirus et vaccin de l'hépatite B · 1976Baruj BenacerrafA découvert the immune response (Ir) genes of the major histocompatibility complex that control the strength of immune reactions; Prix Nobel de physiologie ou médecine 1980; president of the… · 1920Ben BernankeÉconomiste who showed how bank failures deepened and prolonged the Great Depression; chaired the Federal Reserve from 2006 to 2014; Prix Nobel d'économie 2022 · 2006Ben MottelsonLauréat du prix Nobel in physics (1975) for nuclear structure; Atoms for Peace Award (1969) · 1975Bernard KatzShowed that acetylcholine is released at the nerve-muscle junction in packets of fixed size (quanta); Prix Nobel de physiologie ou médecine 1970 · 1970Bernard KouchnerMédecin français qui a cofondé Médecins Sans Frontières (Prix Nobel de la paix 1999); Jewish father · 1971Bernard LownCo-inventor of the defibrillator; a cofondé IPPNW (Prix Nobel de la paix 1985) · 1980Bob DylanAuteur-compositeur-interprète · 1962Boris PasternakPoète russe (My Sister, Life), traducteur of Shakespeare and Goethe, auteur de Doctor Zhivago; Prix Nobel de littérature 1958, which the Soviet authorities forced him to decline; born into an… · 1957Brian JosephsonPhysicien who, as a 22-year-old research student in Cambridge, predicted the Josephson effect, the tunnelling of a supercurrent between two superconductors; Prix Nobel de physique 1973 · 1940Bruce BeutlerFound that Toll-like receptor 4 is the sensor of bacterial lipopolysaccharide that switches on innate immunity; Prix Nobel de physiologie ou médecine 2011 · 1957Burton RichterPhysicien; a découvert the J/psi particle (charm quark), prix Nobel 1976 · 1931César MilsteinA reçu le 1984 prix Nobel for developing the technique to produce monoclonal antibodies. · 1927Christian AnfinsenShowed with ribonuclease that a protein's amino-acid sequence alone determines its folded, active shape; Prix Nobel de chimie 1972 · 1972Claude Cohen-TannoudjiPhysicien; methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light, Prix Nobel de physique 1997; co-author of the textbook Quantum Mechanics · 1997Claudia GoldinLauréat du prix Nobel (2023) who chronicled women's place in the labor market; Nemmers Prize (2020) · 2023Dan ShechtmanQuasi-cristaux · 2011Daniel KahnemanPsychologue who, with Amos Tversky, documented the systematic biases of intuitive judgment and developed prospect theory (1979); Prix Nobel d'économie 2002 · 2002Daniel NathansUsed restriction enzymes to cut the DNA of the tumour virus SV40 into defined fragments and map it, founding a basic method of molecular biology; Prix Nobel de physiologie ou médecine 1978 · 1928David BakerBiochimiste qui a créé the Rosetta software and designed Top7, the first protein with a structure unknown in nature; Prix Nobel de chimie 2024 for computational protein design · 1962David BaltimoreA découvert reverse transcriptase (1970), the enzyme retroviruses such as HIV use to copy RNA into DNA; Prix Nobel de physiologie ou médecine 1975; president of Caltech 1997–2006 · 1975David GrossPhysicien; a découvert asymptotic freedom in QCD, prix Nobel 2004 · 1941David JuliusA reçu le 2021 prix Nobel in Medicine for discovering receptors for temperature and touch · 1955David LeePhysicien; with Douglas Osheroff and Robert Richardson discovered superfluidity in helium-3 at Cornell in 1972, Prix Nobel de physique 1996 · 1931Dennis GaborHolography · 1947Donald GlaserPhysicien; a inventé the bubble chamber (1952), Prix Nobel de physique 1960; later a pioneer of biotechnology (Cetus) and of vision neuroscience · 1926Douglas DiamondLauréat du prix Nobel (2022) whose Diamond-Dybvig model explains bank runs and the role of banks in financial crises · 1953Douglas OsheroffPhysicien; as a Cornell graduate student co-discovered superfluidity in helium-3 in 1972, Prix Nobel de physique 1996 · 1945Drew WeissmanMédecin and immunologist who with Katalin Karikó found the nucleoside base modifications that made mRNA vaccines against COVID-19 possible; Prix Nobel de physiologie ou médecine 2023 · 2023Edmond FischerA reçu le 1992 prix Nobel for discovering reversible protein phosphorylation as a biological regulatory mechanism. · 1920Elfriede JelinekRomancier autrichien and playwright (The Piano Teacher, The Children of the Dead); Prix Nobel de littérature 2004 for her musical flow of voices and counter-voices; daughter of a chemist of… · 1946Elias Canettiprix Nobel-winning novelist ('Auto-da-Fé', 'Crowds and Power') · 1905Elie MetchnikoffA découvert phagocytosis and cellular immunity; Nobel 1908 (NOT the inventor of yogurt; he popularized the probiotic/lactic-acid longevity theory) · 1908Elie WieselHolocaust survivor and writer (Night); chairman of the President's Commission on the Holocaust that led to the US Holocaust Memorial Museum; Prix Nobel de la paix 1986 as a messenger to mankind · 1986Elinor OstromFirst woman to receive the Prix Nobel d'économie (2009), for her analysis of economic governance, especially the commons; daughter of a Jewish father, raised Protestant · 2009Emilio SegrèPhysicien; a découvert the antiproton, prix Nobel 1959 · 1905Eric KandelShowed in the sea snail Aplysia how learning changes synapses and how short- and long-term memories are stored; Prix Nobel de physiologie ou médecine 2000 · 2000Eric MaskinLauréat du prix Nobel (2007) for developing the theory of mechanism design · 1950Ernst Boris ChainBiochimiste who, with Howard Florey at Oxford, isolated penicillin and demonstrated its curative action; Prix Nobel de physiologie ou médecine 1945 · 1906Eugene WignerMathematical physicist; brought group theory and symmetry principles into quantum mechanics, theory of the nuclear force; Prix Nobel de physique 1963 · 1902Felix BlochQuantum theory of electrons in crystals and nuclear magnetic induction (NMR); Prix Nobel de physique 1952; first Director-General of CERN · 1905Franco ModiglianiLife-Cycle Hypothesis · 1985François EnglertTheory of the mechanism giving elementary particles mass (Higgs mechanism) · 2013François JacobA reçu le 1965 prix Nobel for discovering the operon model of gene regulation. · 1920Frank WilczekPhysicien théoricien qui a découvert asymptotic freedom with David Gross and named the axion and anyons; Prix Nobel de physique 2004 · 2004Frederick ReinesPhysicien; first experimental detection of the neutrino, prix Nobel 1995 · 1918Fritz HaberSynthesis of ammonia from atmospheric nitrogen and hydrogen, the basis of the Haber–Bosch process and of nitrogen fertiliser; Prix Nobel de chimie 1918 · 1918Fritz LipmannA découvert coenzyme A and introduced the concept of energy-rich phosphate bonds; Prix Nobel de physiologie ou médecine 1953 · 1899Gabriel LippmannA inventé interference method of color photography; Nobel Physics 1908 · 1908Gary BeckerEconomic Analysis of Human Behavior · 1992Gary RuvkunBiologiste moléculaire who, with Victor Ambros, a découvert microRNA and its role in gene regulation, and showed in 2000 that the second microRNA, let-7, is conserved across animals; Prix Nobel de… · 1952George AkerlofPrix Nobel d'économie 2001 for the analysis of markets with asymmetric information; his 1970 paper The Market for Lemons showed how hidden quality can make a market wither · 1940George de HevesyPionnier de radioactive tracers in chemistry and biology and co-discoverer of hafnium; Prix Nobel de chimie 1943 · 1943George OlahChimiste who used superacids to make fleeting carbocations stable enough to study; Prix Nobel de chimie 1994 · 1927George WaldA reçu le 1967 prix Nobel for discovering the biochemical processes of vision in the retina. · 1906Georges CharpakPhysicien; a inventé the multiwire proportional chamber particle detector, prix Nobel 1992 · 1924Gerald EdelmanA reçu le 1972 prix Nobel for determining the chemical structure of antibodies. · 1929Gertrude ElionA été pionnier de rational drug design with George Hitchings, producing 6-mercaptopurine for childhood leukaemia, azathioprine for transplants, allopurinol, acyclovir and other medicines; Prix Nobel… · 1988Gerty CoriBiochimiste awarded the 1947 prix Nobel for discovering the Cori cycle of glycogen metabolism; first woman to win the medicine Nobel. · 1896Giuseppe LeviHistologist and pioneer of tissue culture who mentored three future Nobel laureates. · 1872Gustav Ludwig HertzLauréat du prix Nobel in physics for the Franck–Hertz experiment that proved the quantum energy levels of atoms, forced out of his chair in 1935 for his Jewish grandfather · 1925H. David PolitzerPhysicien; a découvert asymptotic freedom in QCD, prix Nobel 2004 · 1949Hans BetheManhattan Project Theoretical Division Head · 1945Hans KrebsDiscovery of the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) in cellular metabolism · 1953Harold KrotoLauréat du prix Nobel in chemistry (1996) for the discovery of fullerenes (buckyballs) · 1996Harold PinterDrama uncovering the precipice under everyday conversation · 2005Harold VarmusWith Michael Bishop showed that retroviral oncogenes derive from normal cellular genes (proto-oncogenes), Prix Nobel de physiologie ou médecine 1989; réalisateur of the NIH 1993–1999 and of the… · 1989Harry MarkowitzModern portfolio theory: choosing investments by the expected return and the variance of the whole portfolio (Portfolio Selection, 1952); Prix Nobel d'économie 1990 · 1990Harvey AlterA reçu le 2020 prix Nobel for the discovery of the hepatitis C virus. · 1935Henri BergsonPhilosophe français of duration and creative evolution, Prix Nobel de littérature 1927 for his rich and vitalizing ideas; refused Vichy's exemption from the anti-Jewish laws and registered as a Jew… · 1927Henri KaganChimiste, pionnier de asymmetric catalysis (DIOP, nonlinear effects); Prix Nobel de chimie 2026 · 2026Henri MoissanChimiste who first isolated fluorine; Prix Nobel de chimie 1906 · 1852Henry KissingerHarvard political scientist, National Security Advisor and Secretary of State; Prix Nobel de la paix 1973 for negotiating the Vietnam cease-fire · 1923Herbert BrownChimiste who found how to make sodium borohydride and developed hydroboration, turning boron compounds into important reagents of organic synthesis; Prix Nobel de chimie 1979 · 1979Herbert HauptmanX-ray Crystallography · 1985Herbert SimonSocial scientist of administrative decision-making and bounded rationality, and with Allen Newell a pioneer of artificial intelligence; Prix Nobel d'économie 1978 · 1978Hermann MullerShowed in 1927 that X-rays produce gene mutations, founding radiation genetics; Prix Nobel de physiologie ou médecine 1946 · 1890Howard TeminProposed the DNA provirus hypothesis (1964) and co-discovered reverse transcriptase (1970), showing that genetic information can flow from RNA to DNA; Prix Nobel de physiologie ou médecine 1975 · 1975Ilya FrankPhysicien; with Igor Tamm explained Cherenkov radiation (1937); Prix Nobel de physique 1958, shared with Cherenkov and Tamm · 1908Ilya PrigogineDissipative Structures · 1977Imre KertészHungarian survivor of Auschwitz and Buchenwald, auteur de Fatelessness; Prix Nobel de littérature 2002 for writing that upholds the fragile experience of the individual against the barbaric… · 2002Irwin RoseA reçu le 2004 prix Nobel for the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation. · 1926Isaac Bashevis SingerRomancier · 1978Isidor RabiResonance method for recording the magnetic properties of atomic nuclei, the basis of NMR and later MRI; Prix Nobel de physique 1944 · 1944J. Michael KosterlitzPrix Nobel de physique 2016 for theoretical discoveries of topological phase transitions and topological phases of matter · 2016Jack SteinbergerPhysicien; a découvert the muon neutrino, prix Nobel 1988 · 1921James FranckFranck–Hertz experiment confirming the quantized energy levels of atoms; Prix Nobel de physique 1925; later research on photosynthesis · 1882James RothmanBiochimiste who uncovered the protein machinery of the SNAREs that lets vesicles dock and fuse with their targets inside cells; Prix Nobel de physiologie ou médecine 2013 · 1950Jay PritzkerFondateur de Hyatt Hotels (1957) and creator, with his wife Cindy, of the Pritzker Architecture Prize — architecture's Nobel. · 1957Jerome FriedmanPhysicien; deep inelastic scattering revealing quarks, prix Nobel 1990 · 1930Jerome KarleChimiste physicien who with Herbert Hauptman developed the direct methods for determining crystal structures from X-ray diffraction data; Prix Nobel de chimie 1985 · 1985Joel MokyrEconomic historian who showed that sustained growth needed both practical know-how and scientific explanation, in a culture open to new ideas; Prix Nobel d'économie 2025; son of Dutch Jewish… · 2025John HarsanyiAnalyse mathématique of games of incomplete information (1967–1968), a foundation of the economics of information; Prix Nobel d'économie 1994 · 1920John PolanyiChimiste connu pour reaction dynamics and chemiluminescence; prix Nobel 1986 · 1929John VaneA reçu le 1982 prix Nobel for discovering how aspirin works and the biology of prostaglandins. · 1927Joseph Brodskyprix Nobel-winning poet and US Poet Laureate · 1940Joseph ErlangerPhysiologiste who, with Herbert Gasser, a construit a cathode-ray oscillograph to record nerve impulses and showed that nerve fibres conduct at speeds set by their diameter; Prix Nobel de physiologie… · 1874Joseph GoldsteinWith Michael Brown discovered the LDL receptor (1973) and how cells regulate cholesterol, the scientific basis of statin drugs; Prix Nobel de physiologie ou médecine 1985 · 1940Joseph RotblatPhysicien who left the Manhattan Project on conscience; Prix Nobel de la paix (1995) for the Pugwash anti-nuclear conferences · 1995Joseph StiglitzPrix Nobel d'économie 2001 for the analysis of markets with asymmetric information (screening, credit rationing, efficiency wages); chief economist of the World Bank 1997–2000 · 2001Joshua AngristÉconomiste who, with Guido Imbens, showed what natural experiments can reveal about cause and effect, and used them to measure the effects of schooling, class size and military service; Prix Nobel… · 1960Joshua LederbergShowed that bacteria mate and exchange genes (genetic recombination) and co-discovered transduction; Prix Nobel de physiologie ou médecine 1958 · 1958Julian SchwingerPhysicien; cofondateur de quantum electrodynamics (QED), prix Nobel 1965 · 1918Julius AxelrodShowed that nerve endings take back the noradrenaline they release (reuptake) and discovered the enzyme COMT; Prix Nobel de physiologie ou médecine 1970 · 1970K. Alexander MüllerPhysicien at IBM Zurich who with Georg Bednorz discovered high-temperature superconductivity in ceramic copper oxides in 1986; Prix Nobel de physique 1987 · 1927Karl LandsteinerDécouverte des groupes sanguins humains · 1930Karl von FrischA reçu le 1973 prix Nobel in Medicine for decoding the 'dance language' of honeybees · 1886Kenneth ArrowÉconomiste who proved the impossibility theorem of social choice and, with Gérard Debreu, the existence of a general equilibrium in a competitive economy; Prix Nobel d'économie 1972 · 1972Konrad BlochBiochimiste awarded the 1964 prix Nobel for elucidating the metabolism of cholesterol and fatty acids. · 1912László KrasznahorkaiLauréat du prix Nobel hongrois in literature (2025), auteur de Satantango; Jewish father · 2025Lawrence KleinÉconomiste who built the first large econometric models of national economies, the Wharton models and Project LINK; Prix Nobel d'économie 1980 · 1980Leon CooperPhysicien who proposed the electron pairs now called Cooper pairs and co-authored the BCS theory of superconductivity, then modelled learning in the brain; Prix Nobel de physique 1972 · 1930Leon LedermanExperimental physicist qui a découvert the muon neutrino and the bottom quark, a réalisé Fermilab and championed science teaching; Prix Nobel de physique 1988 · 1922Leonid HurwiczFondateur de mechanism design theory; Prix Nobel d'économie 2007, received at ninety, the oldest laureate to that date · 1917Leonid KantorovichA fondé linear programming; Lauréat du prix Nobel in economics. · 1912Lev LandauPhysicien théoricien; theory of superfluidity of liquid helium and of condensed matter, Prix Nobel de physique 1962; co-author of the Course of Theoretical Physics · 1908Louise Glückprix Nobel-winning American poet and US Poet Laureate · 1943Ludwik RajchmanMédecin polonais qui a fondé UNICEF (Prix Nobel de la paix 1965) · 1946Maria Goeppert MayerPhysicien théoricien who explained the magic numbers with the nuclear shell model; Prix Nobel de physique 1963 · 1963Marshall NirenbergGenetic Code · 1968Martin ChalfieShowed that the jellyfish's green fluorescent protein (GFP) can light up chosen cells in living organisms; Prix Nobel de chimie 2008 · 1947Martin KarplusChimiste théoricien who pioneered computer simulations of molecules, from the Karplus equation to the first molecular dynamics of a protein; Prix Nobel de chimie 2013 · 2013Martin PerlPhysicien; a découvert the tau lepton, prix Nobel 1995 · 1927Martin RodbellA reçu le 1994 prix Nobel for the discovery of G-proteins in cellular signal transduction. · 1925Max BornCofondateur de quantum mechanics who gave the statistical interpretation of the wave function; Prix Nobel de physique 1954 · 1954Max PerutzHemoglobin Structure · 1962Melvin CalvinPhotosynthesis · 1961Melvin SchwartzPhysicien; a découvert the muon neutrino, prix Nobel 1988 · 1932Menachem BeginSixth Prime Minister of Israel (1977–1983); negotiated the Camp David Accords and signed the 1979 Egypt–Israel peace treaty; Prix Nobel de la paix 1978 with Anwar Sadat · 1977Merton MillerModigliani–Miller theorems on capital structure and dividend policy (1958, with Franco Modigliani), foundation of modern corporate finance; Prix Nobel d'économie 1990 · 1990Michael KremerLauréat du prix Nobel in economics (2019) for experimental approaches to fighting poverty · 2019Michael RosbashGénéticien who with Jeffrey Hall isolated the period gene and showed how its protein drives the feedback loop of the circadian clock; Prix Nobel de physiologie ou médecine 2017 · 1944Michael S. BrownA reçu le 1985 prix Nobel for discovering the LDL receptor and the regulation of cholesterol metabolism. · 1941Michel DevoretPhysicien who showed quantum tunnelling and energy quantisation in a macroscopic superconducting circuit, groundwork for superconducting qubits; Prix Nobel de physique 2025 · 1953Milton FriedmanFree Market Economics · 1962Miriam MichelsonMiriam Michelson grew up in the iconic mining town of Virginia City, Nevada, the seventh of eight children of Jewish immigrant parents and sister of Albert Michelson, a future Nobel prize-winner.Murray Gell-MannClassification of elementary particles and their interactions (quark theory) · 1969Myron ScholesBlack–Scholes option-pricing formula (1973, with Fischer Black); Prix Nobel d'économie 1997 · 1997Nadine Gordimerprix Nobel-winning South African novelist and anti-apartheid voice · 1923Nelly SachsGerman-Swedish poet, Prix Nobel de littérature 1966; a écrit on the Jewish experience and Holocaust · 1966Niels BohrPhysicien who gave the quantum model of the atom in 1913 and led Copenhagen's Institute for Theoretical Physics; Prix Nobel de physique 1922 · 1913Oliver HartLauréat du prix Nobel in economics (2016) for contract theory · 2016Otto LoewiPharmacologue who proved the chemical transmission of nerve impulses and identified the vagus substance as acetylcholine; Prix Nobel de physiologie ou médecine 1936 · 1936Otto MeyerhofA reçu le 1922 prix Nobel for discovering the relationship between oxygen consumption and lactic acid metabolism in muscle. · 1884Otto SternMolecular beam method, the Stern–Gerlach experiment and the discovery of the magnetic moment of the proton; Prix Nobel de physique 1943 · 1888Otto WallachChimiste connu pour alicyclic compounds and terpenes; prix Nobel 1910 · 1847Otto WarburgDiscovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme · 1931Patrick Modianoprix Nobel-winning French novelist of memory and occupation · 1945Paul BergBiochimiste who made the first recombinant DNA molecule in 1972, the starting point of genetic engineering, and organized the 1975 Asilomar conference on its safety; Prix Nobel de chimie 1980 · 1972Paul EhrlichChimiothérapie · 1908Paul GreengardShowed how dopamine and other transmitters act on nerve cells through protein phosphorylation, the basis of slow synaptic transmission; Prix Nobel de physiologie ou médecine 2000 · 1925Paul KrugmanNew trade theory and new economic geography; sole winner of the 2008 Prix Nobel d'économie for his analysis of trade patterns and location of economic activity · 2008Paul MilgromÉconomiste who generalised auction theory and, with Robert Wilson, a conçu the simultaneous multiple round auction first used for US radio spectrum in 1994; Prix Nobel d'économie 2020 · 1948Paul SamuelsonEconomic Theory · 1948Paul von HeyseFirst German Nobel laureate in literature (1910); poète and novelist of Jewish paternal descent · 1910Peter BenensonAvocat britannique qui a fondé Amnesty International (Prix Nobel de la paix 1977) · 1961Peter DiamondÉconomiste who laid the foundations of search theory — why unemployment and job vacancies coexist — and wrote widely used models of public debt and optimal taxation; Prix Nobel d'économie 2010 · 1940Philippe AghionÉconomiste who, with Peter Howitt, a construit the model of growth through creative destruction (1992); John von Neumann Award 2009; Prix Nobel d'économie 2025 · 2025Rainer WeissPhysicien who conceived the laser-interferometer design of LIGO and co-founded it; first observation of gravitational waves; Prix Nobel de physique 2017 · 2017Ralph SteinmanImmunologiste qui a découvert the dendritic cell in 1973 and showed how it switches on adaptive immunity; Prix Nobel de physiologie ou médecine 2011 · 1943Randy SchekmanCell biologist who used yeast genetics to find the genes that govern vesicle traffic and protein secretion in cells; Prix Nobel de physiologie ou médecine 2013 · 1948Raphael LemkinPolish-Jewish lawyer who coined the word 'genocide' (1944) and single-handedly campaigned for the UN Genocide Convention, adopted in 1948. Lost 49 relatives in the Holocaust; twice nominated for the… · 1948Reinhard SeltenSubgame perfection (1965) and trembling-hand perfection (1975), refining the Nash equilibrium; pionnier de experimental economics; Prix Nobel d'économie 1994 · 1994René CassinJurist of Free France and principal drafter of the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights; president of the European Court of Human Rights and Prix Nobel de la paix 1968 · 1968Richard AxelA reçu le 2004 prix Nobel for discovering odorant receptors and the organization of the olfactory system. · 1946Richard FeynmanPhysicien who helped rebuild quantum electrodynamics and introduced Feynman diagrams; Prix Nobel de physique 1965 · 1948Richard ThalerFondateur de behavioural economics — mental accounting, the endowment effect, fairness and self-control — and co-author of Nudge (2008); Prix Nobel d'économie 2017 · 2017Richard WillstätterWorked out the chemistry of chlorophyll and other plant pigments; Prix Nobel de chimie 1915 · 1915Rita Levi-MontalciniDiscovery of nerve growth factor (NGF), first isolated in 1952; Prix Nobel de physiologie ou médecine 1986; senator for life of Italy from 2001 · 1986Roald HoffmannChimiste théoricien and child survivor of the Holocaust who with Robert Woodward set out the orbital symmetry rules for the course of chemical reactions; Prix Nobel de chimie 1981, shared with… · 1981Robert AumannThéorie des jeux · 2005Robert BárányOtologist awarded the 1914 prix Nobel in Medicine for his work on the physiology and pathology of the vestibular (balance) apparatus of the inner ear. · 1876Robert C. MertonLauréat du prix Nobel in economics (1997) for the Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing model; son of sociologist Robert K. Merton · 1997Robert FogelRenewal of economic history using quantitative and economic-theory methods · 1993Robert FurchgottA reçu le 1998 prix Nobel for discovering nitric oxide as a signaling molecule in the cardiovascular system. · 1916Robert HofstadterPhysicien; electron scattering revealing the size and structure of nuclei and nucleons, Prix Nobel de physique 1961; thallium-activated sodium iodide gamma-ray detector · 1915Robert LefkowitzMédecin and biochemist who tracked down and characterised the G-protein-coupled receptors through which about half of all medicines act; Prix Nobel de chimie 2012 · 1943Robert SolowEconomic Growth Theory · 1987Roger KornbergBiochimiste who identified the nucleosome and captured the transcription machinery of eukaryotic cells in atomic detail; Prix Nobel de chimie 2006 · 2006Roger MyersonLauréat du prix Nobel (2007) for foundational work on mechanism design and game theory · 1951Roger PenroseMathematical physicist who proved that black holes are an inevitable outcome of general relativity; twistor theory and Penrose tilings; Prix Nobel de physique 2020 · 1931Roger W. Straus Jr.A cofondé Farrar, Straus and Giroux in 1946 and made it the most decorated literary house in America — more than twenty of its authors have won the Nobel. · 1946Rosalyn YalowA développé radioimmunoassay with Solomon Berson, a way of measuring minute amounts of hormones in the blood, which they chose not to patent; Prix Nobel de physiologie ou médecine 1977 · 1977Roy GlauberPhysicien théoricien whose quantum theory of optical coherence founded quantum optics; Prix Nobel de physique 2005 · 1925Rudolph MarcusChimiste théoricien whose Marcus theory explains the rates of electron transfer reactions, from corrosion to photosynthesis, and co-author of the RRKM theory of reaction rates; Prix Nobel de chimie… · 1923Salvador LuriaShowed with Max Delbrück that bacteria mutate spontaneously (fluctuation test); a cofondé the phage group; Prix Nobel de physiologie ou médecine 1969 for discoveries on the replication and genetics… · 1912Saul BellowRomancier · 1953Saul PerlmutterAstrophysicien who led the Supernova Cosmology Project and co-discovered the accelerating expansion of the universe; Prix Nobel de physique 2011 · 2011Selman WaksmanStreptomycine (premier antibiotique contre la tuberculose), a découvert in his Rutgers laboratory; coined the term antibiotics; Prix Nobel de physiologie ou médecine 1952 · 1943Serge HarochePhysicien; measuring and manipulating individual quantum systems, prix Nobel 2012 · 1944Sheldon GlashowPhysicien; electroweak unification theory, prix Nobel 1979 · 1932Shimon PeresRéalisateur-general of the Ministry of Defence (1953–1959), Prime Minister (1984–1986, 1995–1996) and ninth President of Israel (2007–2014); as foreign minister led the Israeli side of the 1993 Oslo… · 1984Shmuel Yosef AgnonCentral figure of modern Hebrew fiction (The Bridal Canopy, A Guest for the Night, Only Yesterday); Prix Nobel de littérature 1966, shared with Nelly Sachs, for narrative art with motifs from the… · 1887Sidney AltmanCatalytic RNA · 1989Simon KuznetsEmpirical research on economic growth and the measurement of national income · 1971Stanley CohenFacteurs de croissance · 1986Stanley PrusinerA découvert prions, infectious agents made of misfolded protein alone, the cause of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and scrapie; Prix Nobel de physiologie ou médecine 1997 · 1997Steven WeinbergUnified theory of the electromagnetic and weak forces (electroweak unification) · 1979Sydney BrennerHelped establish messenger RNA and the triplet genetic code, and made the roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans a model for the genetics of development; Prix Nobel de physiologie ou médecine 2002 · 2002Tadeus ReichsteinA reçu le 1950 prix Nobel for research on the hormones of the adrenal cortex, including cortisone. · 1897Tobias AsserDutch jurist; cofondateur de the Institute of International Law (1873) and initiator and president of the Hague conferences on private international law; Prix Nobel de la paix 1911 · 1911Vitaly GinzburgPhysicien; Ginzburg-Landau theory of superconductivity (1950), Prix Nobel de physique 2003 · 1916Walter GilbertDNA Sequencing · 1980Walter KohnPhysicien, cofondateur de density functional theory; Prix Nobel de chimie 1998 · 1923Wassily LeontiefÉconomiste qui a créé input-output analysis and compiled the first input-output tables of the American economy; Prix Nobel d'économie 1973 · 1905Willem EinthovenInventeur de l'électrocardiogramme, prix Nobel de médecine 1924 · 1903William NordhausÉconomiste who built the first integrated assessment models of the economy and the climate, including the DICE model (1992); Prix Nobel d'économie 2018 · 1941William SteinRibonuclease Structure · 1972Wolfgang PauliPhysicien théoricien who formulated the exclusion principle and proposed the neutrino; Prix Nobel de physique 1945 · 1945Yelena BonnerSoviet dissident and founder of the Moscow Helsinki Group; carried Andrei Sakharov's Nobel lecture to Oslo and kept the Soviet human-rights movement visible from exile · 1976Yitzhak RabinPrime Minister of Israel (1974–1977 and 1992–1995) and IDF Chief of Staff in 1967; signed the 1993 Declaration of Principles and the 1994 Israel–Jordan peace treaty; Prix Nobel de la paix 1994 · 1974Zhores AlferovPhysicien; semiconductor heterostructures for optoelectronics, prix Nobel 2000 · 1930ACAndré CharpakComédien, dialoguiste et réalisateur, auteur du Crime de David Levinstein, frère du prix Nobel Georges Charpak · 1967HRH. Robert HorvitzA reçu le 2002 prix Nobel for discoveries on the genetic regulation of programmed cell death (apoptosis). · 1947MLMichael LevittChimie numérique · 2013