Aaron CiechanoverDiscovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation · 2004Aaron KlugCrystallographic Electron Microscopy · 1982Ada YonathStudies of the structure and function of the ribosome · 2009Adam RiessAstrophysicist; discovered the accelerating universe, Nobel Prize 2011 · 1969Adolf von BaeyerOrganic chemist who synthesized indigo dye; Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1905 · 1835Alan HeegerChemist known for conductive polymers; Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2000 · 1936Albert EinsteinTheory of Relativity · 1905Albert MichelsonPrecision optical instruments and interferometry; first accurate measurements of the speed of light · 1907Alexander Del MarMonetary economist and historian; first director of the U.S. Bureau of Statistics and author of A History of Money; of Sephardic Jewish family, praised by Nobel laureate James Tobin · 1836Alexei AbrikosovPhysicist; theory of vortices in type-II superconductors, Nobel Prize 2003 · 1928Alfred FriedAustrian pacifist; Nobel Peace Prize (1911) for founding the German peace movement · 1911Alfred GilmanAwarded the 1994 Nobel Prize for the discovery of G-proteins and their role in cellular signal transduction. · 1941Alvin RothTheory of stable allocations and the practice of market design · 2012André LwoffAwarded the 1965 Nobel Prize for work on lysogeny and the genetic control of viruses. · 1902Andrea GhezAstronomer; evidence for the supermassive black hole at the galactic center, Nobel Prize 2020 · 1965Andrew FireNobel laureate in medicine (2006) for the discovery of RNA interference (gene silencing) · 2006Arieh WarshelComputational Chemistry · 2013Arno PenziasPhysicist; discovered the cosmic microwave background, Nobel Prize 1978 · 1933Arseny RoginskyHistorian who founded and chaired Memorial, the human-rights society (Nobel Peace Prize 2022) · 1990Arthur AshkinPhysicist; invented optical tweezers, Nobel Prize 2018 · 1922Arthur KornbergDNA Synthesis · 1959Arthur SchawlowPhysicist; laser spectroscopy, Nobel Prize 1981 · 1921Avram HershkoDiscovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation · 2004Barry BarishPhysicist; leadership of LIGO detection of gravitational waves, Nobel Prize 2017 · 1936Baruch BlumbergHepatitis B Virus and Vaccine · 1976Baruj BenacerrafImmunologist awarded the 1980 Nobel Prize for discovering immune response genes controlling the histocompatibility (MHC) system. · 1920Ben BernankeFederal Reserve Chairman · 2006Ben MottelsonNobel laureate in physics (1975) for nuclear structure; Atoms for Peace Award (1969) · 1975Benjamin MottelsonPhysicist; collective model of the atomic nucleus, Nobel Prize 1975 · 1926Bernard KatzNerve Signals · 1970Bernard KouchnerFrench physician who co-founded Médecins Sans Frontières (Nobel Peace Prize 1999); Jewish father · 1971Bernard LownCo-inventor of the defibrillator; co-founded IPPNW (Nobel Peace Prize 1985) · 1985Bob DylanSinger-Songwriter · 1962Boris PasternakRussian poet and novelist, author of Doctor Zhivago, Nobel Prize 1958; from an assimilated Jewish family · 1957Brian JosephsonPhysicist; predicted the Josephson effect in superconductors, Nobel Prize 1973 · 1940Bruce BeutlerImmunologist awarded the 2011 Nobel Prize for discoveries on the activation of innate immunity via Toll-like receptors. · 1957Burton RichterPhysicist; discovered the J/psi particle (charm quark), Nobel Prize 1976 · 1931César MilsteinAwarded the 1984 Nobel Prize for developing the technique to produce monoclonal antibodies. · 1927Christian AnfinsenRibonuclease · 1972Claude Cohen-TannoudjiMethods to cool and trap atoms with laser light · 1997Claudia GoldinNobel laureate (2023) who chronicled women's place in the labor market; Nemmers Prize (2020) · 2023Dan ShechtmanQuasicrystals · 2011Daniel KahnemanIntegrating psychological insight into economics, on judgment under uncertainty · 2002Daniel NathansAwarded the 1978 Nobel Prize for applying restriction enzymes to map the genetic makeup of viruses. · 1928David BakerBiochemist awarded the 2024 Nobel Prize for computational protein design. · 1962David BaltimoreReverse Transcriptase · 1975David GrossPhysicist; discovered asymptotic freedom in QCD, Nobel Prize 2004 · 1941David JuliusAwarded the 2021 Nobel Prize in Medicine for discovering receptors for temperature and touch · 1955David LeePhysicist; discovered superfluidity in helium-3, Nobel Prize 1996 · 1931Denis GaborNobel laureate in Physics (1971) for inventing holography. Hungarian-Jewish physicist. · 1947Dennis GaborHolography · 1947Donald GlaserPhysicist; invented the bubble chamber, Nobel Prize 1960 · 1926Douglas DiamondNobel laureate (2022) whose Diamond-Dybvig model explains bank runs and the role of banks in financial crises · 1953Douglas OsheroffPhysicist; discovered superfluidity in helium-3, Nobel Prize 1996 · 1945Drew WeissmanNucleoside base modifications enabling effective mRNA vaccines against COVID-19 · 2023Edmond FischerAwarded the 1992 Nobel Prize for discovering reversible protein phosphorylation as a biological regulatory mechanism. · 1920Elfriede JelinekNobel Prize-winning Austrian novelist and playwright ('The Piano Teacher') · 1946Elias CanettiNobel Prize-winning novelist ('Auto-da-Fé', 'Crowds and Power') · 1905Elie MetchnikoffDiscovered phagocytosis and cellular immunity; Nobel 1908 (NOT the inventor of yogurt; he popularized the probiotic/lactic-acid longevity theory) · 1908Elie WieselHolocaust survivor and writer (Night); Nobel Peace Prize 1986 for advocacy of human rights and memory. · 1986Elinor OstromFirst woman Nobel laureate in economics (2009) for the governance of common resources · 2009Emilio SegrèPhysicist; discovered the antiproton, Nobel Prize 1959 · 1905Eric KandelSignal transduction in the nervous system underlying memory · 2000Eric MaskinNobel laureate (2007) for developing the theory of mechanism design · 1950Ernst Boris ChainCo-developed penicillin into a usable drug; Nobel 1945 · 1906Ernst ChainBiochemist awarded the 1945 Nobel Prize for the isolation and development of penicillin as a therapeutic drug. · 1906Eugene WignerMathematical physics; group theory in quantum mechanics (Nobel) · 1902Felix BlochPhysicist, co-developer of nuclear magnetic resonance; Nobel Prize in Physics 1952 · 1905Franco ModiglianiLife-Cycle Hypothesis · 1985François EnglertTheory of the mechanism giving elementary particles mass (Higgs mechanism) · 2013François JacobAwarded the 1965 Nobel Prize for discovering the operon model of gene regulation. · 1920Frederick ReinesPhysicist; first experimental detection of the neutrino, Nobel Prize 1995 · 1918Fritz HaberHaber-Bosch Process (Ammonia Synthesis) · 1918Fritz LipmannAwarded the 1953 Nobel Prize for discovering coenzyme A and its role in metabolism. · 1899Gabriel LippmannInvented interference method of color photography; Nobel Physics 1908 · 1908Gary BeckerEconomic Analysis of Human Behavior · 1992Gary RuvkunAwarded the 2024 Nobel Prize for the discovery of microRNA and its role in gene regulation. · 1952George AkerlofNobel laureate (2001) whose 'Market for Lemons' paper founded the economics of asymmetric information · 1940George de HevesyUse of radioactive isotopes as tracers in chemical and biological processes · 1943George OlahChemist known for carbocations and superacids; Nobel Prize 1994 · 1927George WaldAwarded the 1967 Nobel Prize for discovering the biochemical processes of vision in the retina. · 1906Georges CharpakPhysicist; invented the multiwire proportional chamber particle detector, Nobel Prize 1992 · 1924Gerald EdelmanAwarded the 1972 Nobel Prize for determining the chemical structure of antibodies. · 1929Gertrude ElionRational drug design principles yielding treatments for leukemia and other diseases · 1988Gerty CoriBiochemist awarded the 1947 Nobel Prize for discovering the Cori cycle of glycogen metabolism; first woman to win the medicine Nobel. · 1896Giuseppe LeviHistologist and pioneer of tissue culture who mentored three future Nobel laureates. · 1872H. David PolitzerPhysicist; discovered asymptotic freedom in QCD, Nobel Prize 2004 · 1949H. Robert HorvitzAwarded the 2002 Nobel Prize for discoveries on the genetic regulation of programmed cell death (apoptosis). · 1947Hans BetheManhattan Project Theoretical Division Head · 1945Hans KrebsDiscovery of the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) in cellular metabolism · 1953Harold KrotoNobel laureate in chemistry (1996) for the discovery of fullerenes (buckyballs) · 1996Harold PinterDrama uncovering the precipice under everyday conversation · 2005Harold VarmusOncogenes and Cancer Biology · 1989Harvey AlterAwarded the 2020 Nobel Prize for the discovery of the hepatitis C virus. · 1935Henri BergsonRich and vital ideas and the brilliant skill with which they were presented · 1927Henri MoissanChemist who first isolated fluorine; Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1906 · 1852Herbert BrownNobel laureate in chemistry (1979) for boron and organoborane compounds · 1979Herbert HauptmanX-ray Crystallography · 1985Herbert SimonResearch into decision-making processes within economic organizations · 1978Hermann MullerAwarded the 1946 Nobel Prize for showing that X-rays induce genetic mutations. · 1890Howard TeminReverse Transcriptase · 1975Ilya FrankPhysicist; theory of Cherenkov radiation, Nobel Prize 1958 · 1908Ilya PrigogineDissipative Structures · 1977Imre KertészWriting that upholds the individual experience against the barbarism of history (the Holocaust) · 2002Irwin RoseAwarded the 2004 Nobel Prize for the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation. · 1926Isaac Bashevis SingerNovelist · 1978Isidor RabiResonance method for recording the magnetic properties of atomic nuclei (NMR) · 1944Jack SteinbergerPhysicist; discovered the muon neutrino, Nobel Prize 1988 · 1921James FranckNobel-winning physicist who later made key contributions to the study of photosynthesis · 1882James RainwaterNobel laureate in physics (1975) for the structure of atomic nuclei · 1975James RothmanAwarded the 2013 Nobel Prize for discovering the machinery regulating vesicle traffic in cells. · 1950Jerome FriedmanPhysicist; deep inelastic scattering revealing quarks, Nobel Prize 1990 · 1930Jerome KarleX-ray Crystallography · 1985Joel MokyrNobel laureate in economics (2025), historian of the culture of growth; son of Dutch Holocaust survivors, raised in Israel · 2025John HarsanyiNobel laureate (1994) who developed the theory of games with incomplete information · 1920John PolanyiChemist known for reaction dynamics and chemiluminescence; Nobel Prize 1986 · 1929John VaneAwarded the 1982 Nobel Prize for discovering how aspirin works and the biology of prostaglandins. · 1927Joseph BrodskyNobel Prize-winning poet and US Poet Laureate · 1940Joseph ErlangerPhysiologist awarded the 1944 Nobel Prize for research on the differentiated functions of single nerve fibers. · 1874Joseph GoldsteinAwarded the 1985 Nobel Prize for discovering the LDL receptor and regulation of cholesterol metabolism. · 1940Joseph RotblatPhysicist who left the Manhattan Project on conscience; Nobel Peace Prize (1995) for the Pugwash anti-nuclear conferences · 1995Joseph StiglitzInformation Economics · 2001Joshua AngristNobel laureate (2021) who pioneered the use of natural experiments to draw causal conclusions in labor economics · 1960Joshua LederbergGenetic Recombination · 1958Julian SchwingerPhysicist; co-founder of quantum electrodynamics (QED), Nobel Prize 1965 · 1918Julius AxelrodNeurotransmitters · 1970K. Alexander MüllerPhysicist; discovered high-temperature superconductivity, Nobel Prize 1987 · 1927Karl LandsteinerDiscovery of the human blood groups · 1930Karl von FrischAwarded the 1973 Nobel Prize in Medicine for decoding the 'dance language' of honeybees · 1886Kenneth ArrowGeneral Equilibrium Theory · 1972Konrad BlochBiochemist awarded the 1964 Nobel Prize for elucidating the metabolism of cholesterol and fatty acids. · 1912László KrasznahorkaiHungarian Nobel laureate in literature (2025), author of Satantango; Jewish father · 2025Lawrence KleinEconometric Modeling · 1980Leon CooperPhysicist; co-author of BCS theory of superconductivity (Cooper pairs), Nobel Prize 1972 · 1930Leon LedermanPhysicist; discovered the muon neutrino, Nobel Prize 1988 · 1922Leonid HurwiczNobel laureate (2007) who founded the theory of mechanism design · 1917Leonid KantorovichFounded linear programming; Nobel laureate in economics. · 1912Lev LandauTheoretical physicist; superfluidity theory, condensed matter, Nobel Prize 1962 · 1908Louise GlückNobel Prize-winning American poet and US Poet Laureate · 1943Ludwik RajchmanPolish physician who founded UNICEF (Nobel Peace Prize 1965) · 1946Marshall NirenbergGenetic Code · 1968Martin ChalfieAwarded the 2008 Nobel Prize for developing green fluorescent protein (GFP) as a biological marker. · 1947Martin KarplusComputational Chemistry · 2013Martin PerlPhysicist; discovered the tau lepton, Nobel Prize 1995 · 1927Martin RodbellAwarded the 1994 Nobel Prize for the discovery of G-proteins in cellular signal transduction. · 1925Max BornStatistical interpretation of the quantum-mechanical wave function · 1954Max PerutzHemoglobin Structure · 1962Melvin CalvinPhotosynthesis · 1961Melvin SchwartzPhysicist; discovered the muon neutrino, Nobel Prize 1988 · 1932Menachem BeginNobel Peace Prize-winning Prime Minister of Israel. · 1913Merton MillerCorporate Finance Theory · 1990Michael KosterlitzNobel laureate in physics (2016) for topological phase transitions (the KT transition) · 2016Michael KremerNobel laureate in economics (2019) for experimental approaches to fighting poverty · 2019Michael LevittComputational Chemistry · 2013Michael RosbashAwarded the 2017 Nobel Prize for discovering molecular mechanisms controlling the circadian rhythm. · 1944Michael S. BrownAwarded the 1985 Nobel Prize for discovering the LDL receptor and the regulation of cholesterol metabolism. · 1941Milton FriedmanFree Market Economics · 1962Murray Gell-MannClassification of elementary particles and their interactions (quark theory) · 1969Myron ScholesBlack-Scholes Options Pricing Model · 1997Nadine GordimerNobel Prize-winning South African novelist and anti-apartheid voice · 1923Nelly SachsGerman-Swedish poet, Nobel Prize in Literature 1966; wrote on the Jewish experience and Holocaust · 1966Niels BohrAtomic Structure · 1913Oliver HartNobel laureate in economics (2016) for contract theory · 2016Otto LoewiDemonstrated chemical neurotransmission (acetylcholine); Nobel 1936 · 1936Otto MeyerhofAwarded the 1922 Nobel Prize for discovering the relationship between oxygen consumption and lactic acid metabolism in muscle. · 1884Otto SternPhysicist; the Stern-Gerlach experiment and molecular beam method, Nobel Prize 1943 · 1888Otto WallachChemist known for alicyclic compounds and terpenes; Nobel Prize 1910 · 1847Otto WarburgDiscovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme · 1931Patrick ModianoNobel Prize-winning French novelist of memory and occupation · 1945Paul BergRecombinant DNA · 1972Paul EhrlichChemotherapy · 1908Paul GreengardAwarded the 2000 Nobel Prize for discoveries on signal transduction in the nervous system. · 1925Paul KrugmanNew Trade Theory · 2008Paul MilgromNobel laureate (2020) for improvements to auction theory and the design of new auction formats · 1948Paul SamuelsonEconomic Theory · 1948Paul von HeyseFirst German Nobel laureate in literature (1910); poet and novelist of Jewish paternal descent · 1910Peter BenensonBritish lawyer who founded Amnesty International (Nobel Peace Prize 1977) · 1961Peter DiamondNobel laureate (2010) for work on search frictions in labor markets and public finance · 1940Philippe AghionFrench economist of innovation-driven growth; Nobel laureate (2025); von Neumann Award (2009) · 2025Rainer WeissDecisive contributions to the LIGO detector and the observation of gravitational waves · 2017Ralph SteinmanAwarded the 2011 Nobel Prize for discovering dendritic cells and their role in adaptive immunity. · 1943Randy SchekmanAwarded the 2013 Nobel Prize for discovering genes controlling the cell's vesicle transport system. · 1948Raphael LemkinPolish-Jewish lawyer who coined the word 'genocide' (1944) and single-handedly campaigned for the UN Genocide Convention, adopted in 1948. Lost 49 relatives in the Holocaust; twice nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize. · 1948Reinhard SeltenNobel laureate in economics (1994) for pioneering game theory; Jewish father, survived the war in Germany · 1994René CassinPrincipal drafter of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights · 1968Richard AxelAwarded the 2004 Nobel Prize for discovering odorant receptors and the organization of the olfactory system. · 1946Richard FeynmanQuantum Electrodynamics · 1948Richard ThalerContributions to behavioral economics · 2017Richard WillstätterResearch on plant pigments, especially chlorophyll · 1915Rita Levi-MontalciniNerve Growth Factor · 1986Roald HoffmannTheories concerning the course of chemical reactions (orbital symmetry rules) · 1981Robert AumannGame Theory · 2005Robert BárányOtologist awarded the 1914 Nobel Prize in Medicine for his work on the physiology and pathology of the vestibular (balance) apparatus of the inner ear. · 1876Robert C. MertonNobel laureate in economics (1997) for the Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing model; son of sociologist Robert K. Merton · 1997Robert FogelRenewal of economic history using quantitative and economic-theory methods · 1993Robert FurchgottAwarded the 1998 Nobel Prize for discovering nitric oxide as a signaling molecule in the cardiovascular system. · 1916Robert HofstadterPhysicist; electron scattering revealing nucleon structure, Nobel Prize 1961 · 1915Robert LefkowitzAwarded the 2012 Nobel Prize for studies of G-protein-coupled receptors. · 1943Robert SolowEconomic Growth Theory · 1987Roger KornbergStudies of the molecular basis of eukaryotic transcription · 2006Roger MyersonNobel laureate (2007) for foundational work on mechanism design and game theory · 1951Roger PenroseMathematical physicist; black hole singularity theorems, Nobel Prize 2020 · 1931Rosalyn YalowRadioimmunoassay · 1977Roy GlauberPhysicist; quantum theory of optical coherence, Nobel Prize 2005 · 1925Rudolph MarcusChemist awarded the Nobel Prize for the theory of electron transfer in chemical systems · 1923Salvador LuriaAwarded the 1969 Nobel Prize for discoveries on the replication and genetics of viruses (bacteriophages). · 1912Saul BellowNovelist · 1953Saul PerlmutterDiscovery of the accelerating expansion of the universe via distant supernovae · 2011Selman WaksmanStreptomycin (first antibiotic for TB) · 1943Serge HarochePhysicist; measuring and manipulating individual quantum systems, Nobel Prize 2012 · 1944Sheldon GlashowPhysicist; electroweak unification theory, Nobel Prize 1979 · 1932Shimon PeresPresident of Israel · 1984Shmuel Yosef AgnonNobel laureate in Literature and a central figure in modern Hebrew fiction. · 1888Sidney AltmanCatalytic RNA · 1989Simon KuznetsEmpirical research on economic growth and the measurement of national income · 1971Stanley CohenGrowth Factors · 1986Stanley PrusinerDiscovery of prions, a new biological principle of infection · 1997Steven WeinbergUnified theory of the electromagnetic and weak forces (electroweak unification) · 1979Sydney BrennerGenetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death · 2002Tadeus ReichsteinAwarded the 1950 Nobel Prize for research on the hormones of the adrenal cortex, including cortisone. · 1897Tadeusz ReichsteinAchieved the first chemical synthesis of vitamin C (1933) and isolated cortisone/adrenal steroids, sharing the 1950 Nobel Prize. · 1933Tobias AsserDutch jurist; Nobel Peace Prize (1911) for founding the Hague conferences on private international law · 1911Vitaly GinzburgPhysicist; Ginzburg-Landau theory of superconductivity, Nobel Prize 2003 · 1916Walter GilbertDNA Sequencing · 1980Walter KohnPhysicist, co-founder of density functional theory; Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1998 · 1923Wassily LeontiefDeveloped input-output economic analysis; Nobel laureate. · 1905William NordhausNobel laureate (2018) who integrated climate change into long-run macroeconomic analysis · 1941William SteinRibonuclease Structure · 1972Wolfgang PauliDiscovery of the exclusion principle governing electron behavior · 1945Yitzhak RabinEfforts to create peace in the Middle East (Oslo Accords) · 1994Zhores AlferovPhysicist; semiconductor heterostructures for optoelectronics, Nobel Prize 2000 · 1930HMHarry MarkowitzModern Portfolio Theory · 1990