Aaron AaronsohnAgronomist who discovered wild emmer, the ancestor of cultivated wheat, and founded the first agricultural research station in the Land of Israel · 1906Aaron CiechanoverDiscovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation · 2004Aaron KlugCrystallographic Electron Microscopy · 1982Aaron T. BeckFather of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), the most-practiced psychotherapy in the world · 1960Abel WolmanStandardized the chlorination of drinking water — credited with ~91 million lives saved · 1919Abraham FraenkelCo-founder of axiomatic set theory (Zermelo-Fraenkel); first dean of mathematics at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem · 1891Abraham JacobiRegarded as the father of American pediatrics · 1830Abraham NitzanTheoretical chemist known for molecular electronics and charge transfer · 1944Abraham PaisPhysicist and historian of science; particle physics · 1918Abraham RobinsonCreated non-standard analysis · 1918Abraham TaubFluid mechanicsAbraham ZacutoAstronomer and mathematician; his astronomical tables and improved astrolabe guided Portuguese and Spanish navigators including Vasco da Gama and Columbus · c. 1452 CEAbram BesicovitchGeometric measure theory; Besicovitch covering theorem · 1891Abram IoffePhysicist; 'father of Soviet physics', semiconductor research · 1880Ada YonathStudies of the structure and function of the ribosome · 2009Adam HellerElectrochemist known for glucose biosensors · 1933Adam PolitzerOtologist regarded as a founder of modern ear medicine. · 1835Adam RiessAstrophysicist; discovered the accelerating universe, Nobel Prize 2011 · 1969Adolf HurwitzComplex analysis and number theory; Hurwitz's theorem · 1859Adolf LindenbaumMathematical logic; Lindenbaum's lemma · 1904Adolf Magnus-LevyPhysician who pioneered the study of basal metabolism and metabolic disorders · 1865Adolf von BaeyerOrganic chemist who synthesized indigo dye; Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1905 · 1835Adolph FrankIndustrial chemist known for the potash industry and the cyanamide process · 1834Adrian KrainerDeveloped the first drug for spinal muscular atrophy (nusinersen); Wolf Prize in Medicine (2021) · 2021Aharon Katchalsky-KatzirBiophysicist who pioneered the study of polyelectrolytes and non-equilibrium thermodynamics in biology. · 1914Aharon RazinBiochemist who helped establish the role of DNA methylation in gene control · 1935Akiva YaglomPhysicist known for turbulence theory and statistical fluid mechanics · 1921Alan BakerTranscendental number theory; linear forms in logarithms (Fields Medal) · 1939Alan BernsteinMolecular biologist and cancer/stem-cell researcher, founding head of the Canadian Institutes of Health Research · 1947Alan FershtChemist who pioneered protein engineering to study enzyme catalysis and protein folding. · 1943Alan GuthPhysicist; proposed cosmic inflation · 1947Alan HeegerChemist known for conductive polymers; Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2000 · 1936Albert BourlaGreek-American veterinary scientist; as chairman and CEO of Pfizer he staked the company on mRNA and delivered the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine in nine months, refusing US government development… · 2020Albert EinsteinTheory of Relativity · 1905Albert LadenburgOrganic chemist known for structural studies of pyridine and benzene · 1842Albert MessiahPhysicist; author of a classic Quantum Mechanics textbook · 1921Albert MichelsonPrecision optical instruments and interferometry; first accurate measurements of the speed of light · 1907Albert NeisserPhysician who discovered the bacterium that causes gonorrhea. · 1855Albert NeubergerBiochemist known for research on amino acid and protein metabolism · 1908Albert SabinOral Polio Vaccine · 1961Albert SalamonRadiologist, early pioneer of mammographyAlbert SalomonPioneer of the mammogram for early breast-cancer detection · 1913Albert SchatzMicrobiologist who co-discovered streptomycin, the first antibiotic effective against tuberculosis. · 1920Albert SchwarzMathematical physics; topological quantum field theory · 1934Albert StarrImplanted the first successful artificial heart valve (Starr-Edwards valve) · 1926Alex LubotzkyGroup theory and expander graphs · 1956Alex ZungerPhysicist; computational materials science and inverse band-structure design · 1947Alexander BeilinsonGeometric representation theory; the Beilinson conjectures · 1957Alexander DesslerSpace physicist known for research on magnetospheric and space plasma physics · 1928Alexander FriedmannPhysicist; the Friedmann equations describing the expanding universe · 1888Alexander GiventalSymplectic geometry and mirror symmetry · 1958Alexander GrothendieckReshaped algebraic geometry with scheme theory (Fields Medal) · 1928Alexander GutmanPhysician-scientist, research on uric acid metabolism and gout · 1902Alexander HollaenderFounder of radiation biology; Fermi Award (1983) · 1983Alexander KompaneetsPhysicist; the Kompaneets equation for photon-electron scattering · 1914Alexander LevitzkiBiochemist who pioneered signal transduction inhibitors (tyrphostins) as cancer drugs · 1940Alexander LuriaFounder of modern neuropsychology and the study of the brain's functional organization. · 1902Alexander OstrowskiAnalysis and number theory; Ostrowski's theorem on valuations · 1893Alexander PinesPhysical chemist known for solid-state NMR spectroscopy · 1945Alexander PolyakovTheoretical physicist; major contributions to quantum field theory and string theory · 1945Alexander RudenskyImmunologist, research on regulatory T cells and immune tolerance · 1956Alexander S. WienerImmunohematologist who co-discovered the Rh blood factor with Karl Landsteiner, making safe transfusion and the treatment of haemolytic disease of the newborn possible · 1907Alexander VarshavskyBiologist who discovered the ubiquitin system's N-end rule governing protein lifespan. · 1946Alexander WeinsteinApplied mathematics; singular partial differential equations · 1897Alexandre BesredkaImmunologist who advanced the understanding of anaphylaxis and local immunity. · 1870Alexandre ChorinComputational fluid dynamics; the projection method · 1938Alexei AbrikosovPhysicist; theory of vortices in type-II superconductors, Nobel Prize 2003 · 1928Alexei StarobinskyPhysicist; pioneer of cosmic inflation theory · 1948Alfred BaderChemist and founder of the Aldrich Chemical Company · 1924Alfred EinhornChemist who synthesized procaine (Novocain), the first safe injectable local anesthetic. · 1856Alfred GilmanAwarded the 1994 Nobel Prize for the discovery of G-proteins and their role in cellular signal transduction. · 1941Alfred GoldbergBiologist who discovered how cells degrade proteins, laying groundwork for proteasome-targeting drugs. · 1942Alfred HaarHaar measure and the Haar wavelet · 1885Alfred HessPhysician whose nutritional research helped conquer scurvy and rickets · 1875Alfred LandéPhysicist; the Landé g-factor in atomic spectroscopy · 1888Alfred LoewyAlgebra; theory of linear differential equations · 1873Alfred LotkaMathematical biologist who co-created the Lotka-Volterra equations of population dynamics. · 1880Alfred MirskyCell biologist who advanced understanding of chromatin and the cell nucleus · 1900Alfred PringsheimAnalysis; theory of infinite series and continued fractions · 1850Alfred SommerEpidemiologist who showed vitamin A prevents childhood blindness and death · 1942Alfred TauberAnalysis; Tauberian theorems · 1866Allen BardElectrochemist, developer of scanning electrochemical microscopy · 1933Alvin WeinbergPhysicist; nuclear reactor design and molten-salt reactors · 1915Amatus LusitanusRenaissance physician who described the valves of the veins and advanced clinical medicine. · 1511Amedee MannheimGeometry; developed the modern slide rule · 1831Amelia GreenwaldAmerican nurse Amelia Greenwald focused her career in public health nursing on training other nurses and creating infrastructure in war-ravaged Europe. · 1881Amnon YarivPhysicist; optoelectronics and integrated photonics · 1930Amos de ShalitPhysicist; nuclear structure theory, founder of Israeli physics · 1926Amotz ZahaviEvolutionary biologist who proposed the handicap principle explaining costly signals in animals. · 1928Ana PaukerBorn to an impoverished Orthodox family in Bucharest, Ana Pauker joined the Romanian communist movement in 1915.Anatol ZhabotinskyBiophysicist known for the Belousov-Zhabotinsky oscillating chemical reaction · 1938Anatole AbragamPhysical chemist and physicist, pioneer of nuclear magnetism and magnetic resonance · 1914Anatoliy VershikRepresentation theory, dynamics, and asymptotic combinatorics · 1933André LwoffAwarded the 1965 Nobel Prize for work on lysogeny and the genetic control of viruses. · 1902Andre WeilNumber theory and algebraic geometry; the Weil conjectures · 1906Andrea GhezAstronomer; evidence for the supermassive black hole at the galactic center, Nobel Prize 2020 · 1965Andrew FireNobel laureate in medicine (2006) for the discovery of RNA interference (gene silencing) · 2006Andrew SesslerPhysicist; accelerator physics and human rights advocacy · 1928Andrew StromingerPhysicist; string theory and black hole entropy counting · 1955Andrzej MostowskiMathematical logic; the Mostowski collapse · 1913Anna KaplanAnna Kaplan was an American Jewish nurse who contributed significantly to developing the concept of nursing as a profession in Erez Israel at the beginning of the twentieth century.Anne WojcickiCo-founder and CEO of 23andMe (2006), which brought personal genetics to millions. · 2006Anthony EpsteinPathologist who co-discovered the Epstein-Barr virus, the first virus linked to human cancer. · 1921Arieh WarshelComputational Chemistry · 2013Arno PenziasPhysicist; discovered the cosmic microwave background, Nobel Prize 1978 · 1933Arnold LevineMolecular biologist who discovered the p53 tumor-suppressor protein, central to cancer biology. · 1939Arnold PickNeurologist and psychiatrist who first described the dementia now called Pick's disease. · 1851Arnold RichPathologist known for research on tuberculosis and hypersensitivity · 1893Arnold SiegertPhysicist (theoretical physics)Arpad NadaiPioneer of plasticity theory; Timoshenko Medal (1958) · 1883Arthur AshkinPhysicist; invented optical tweezers, Nobel Prize 2018 · 1922Arthur BersonMeteorologist and pioneer of high-altitude balloon research into the upper atmosphere · 1859Arthur EichengrunChemist who played a central role in the development of aspirin. · 1867Arthur HorwichBiologist who discovered chaperonins, the cellular machines that fold proteins. · 1951Arthur JaffeConstructive quantum field theory · 1937Arthur KornContinuum mechanicsArthur KornbergDNA Synthesis · 1959Arthur RobertsBiomedical researcherArthur Rosenfeld'Godfather of energy efficiency'; Fermi Award (2005) · 2005Arthur SchawlowPhysicist; laser spectroscopy, Nobel Prize 1981 · 1921Arthur SchonfliesCrystallographic groups and topology; the Schonflies problem · 1853Arthur SchusterPhysicist known for periodogram analysis and work on terrestrial magnetism and radiative transfer · 1851Aryeh DvoretzkyFunctional analysis; Dvoretzky's theorem on convex bodies · 1916Asher PeresPhysicist; pioneer of quantum information and teleportation · 1934August von WassermannBacteriologist who devised the Wassermann test, the first diagnostic blood test for syphilis. · 1866Aurel WintnerAnalysis, probability, and celestial mechanics · 1903Avi LoebAstrophysicist; black holes, the early universe and the search for extraterrestrial life · 1962Aviv RegevComputational biologist and a founder of the Human Cell Atlas using single-cell genomics. · 1971Avram GoldsteinPharmacologist who helped discover the brain's endorphins and opiate receptors. · 1919Avram HershkoDiscovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation · 2004Axel KahnProminent French geneticist and bioethicist; president of the French League Against Cancer. Jewish paternal ancestry. · 1990Barnett RosenbergChemist who discovered cisplatin, a mainstay of cancer chemotherapy. · 1926Barry BarishPhysicist; leadership of LIGO detection of gravitational waves, Nobel Prize 2017 · 1936Barry BloomImmunologist and public health leader in tuberculosis and vaccine research · 1937Barry CommonerBiologist and a founding figure of the modern environmental movement. · 1917Barry MazurNumber theory and arithmetic geometry; foundational to Fermat's proof · 1937Barry SaltzmanClimate scientist known for dynamical modeling of climate and the ice ages · 1931Barry SimonMathematical physics; Schrodinger operators · 1946Barry TrostOrganic chemist known for atom economy and the Tsuji–Trost reaction · 1941Baruch BlumbergHepatitis B Virus and Vaccine · 1976Baruj BenacerrafImmunologist awarded the 1980 Nobel Prize for discovering immune response genes controlling the histocompatibility (MHC) system. · 1920Basil HirschowitzGastroenterologist who invented the fiberoptic endoscope. · 1925Beatrice MintzDevelopmental geneticist who pioneered techniques for creating chimeric and transgenic mice. · 1921Bela SchickPediatrician who devised the Schick test to detect susceptibility to diphtheria. · 1877Ben MottelsonNobel laureate in physics (1975) for nuclear structure; Atoms for Peace Award (1969) · 1975Benedict GrossNumber theory; the Gross-Zagier theorem · 1950Benedict StillingNeuroanatomist who pioneered serial sectioning of the spinal cord and coined 'neuroglia' · 1810Beniamino SegreAlgebraic geometry and combinatorial geometry · 1903Benjamin GompertzActuarial mathematics; the Gompertz law of mortality · 1779Benjamin LaxPhysicist; magneto-optics and semiconductor physics · 1915Benjamin RubinMicrobiologist who invented the bifurcated needle used to eradicate smallpox · 1917Benjamin SanterClimate scientist who identified the human fingerprint on global warming; Rossby Medal (2024) · 1955Benno StraussMetallurgist who co-developed stainless steel · 1873Beno EckmannAlgebraic topology; Eckmann-Hilton duality · 1917Beno GutenbergSeismologist who co-developed the Richter magnitude scale and determined the depth of Earth's core · 1889Benoit MandelbrotMathematician who founded fractal geometry, widely applied to natural and Earth science patterns · 1924Beppo LeviReal analysis; the Beppo Levi monotone convergence theorem · 1875Bernard BrodiePharmacologist widely regarded as the father of modern drug metabolism research. · 1907Bernard FantusPhysician who established the first hospital blood bank. · 1874Bernard FisherSurgeon who transformed breast cancer treatment by showing that less-radical surgery is equally effective. · 1918Bernard HoreckerBiochemist who helped elucidate the pentose phosphate pathway · 1914Bernard KatzNerve Signals · 1970Bernard KouchnerFrench physician who co-founded Médecins Sans Frontières (Nobel Peace Prize 1999); Jewish father · 1971Bernard LownCo-inventor of the defibrillator; co-founded IPPNW (Nobel Peace Prize 1985) · 1985Bernard PullmanQuantum chemist known for quantum studies of biological molecules · 1919Bernard SachsNeurologist who co-described Tay-Sachs disease, a fatal inherited neurological disorder. · 1858Bernd MatthiasPhysicist; discovered many superconducting and ferroelectric materials · 1918Bernhard HaurwitzMeteorologist who developed the theory of atmospheric planetary (Rossby) waves · 1905Bernhard ZondekGynecologist who co-developed the Aschheim-Zondek pregnancy test. · 1891Berni AlderPhysical chemist, pioneer of molecular dynamics computer simulation · 1925Bert VogelsteinCancer geneticist who mapped the genetic mutations driving colorectal cancer progression. · 1949Bertram KostantRepresentation theory and Lie group theory · 1928Bertrand GoldschmidtFrench chemist of plutonium separation; co-founder of the CEA; Atoms for Peace Award (1967) · 1967Bertrand HalperinPhysicist; condensed matter theory and the quantum Hall effect · 1941Bonnie BasslerMicrobiologist who elucidated quorum sensing, the chemical communication between bacteria. · 1962Bonnie BergerMathematician, computational biology and algorithmsBoris EphrussiGeneticist who pioneered the study of cytoplasmic (non-chromosomal) inheritance and somatic cell genetics. · 1901Boris GalerkinThe Galerkin method for solving differential equations · 1871Boris LevitanInverse spectral theory and almost periodic functions · 1914Boris PodolskyPhysicist; co-author of the EPR paradox in quantum mechanics · 1896Boris VolynovSoviet cosmonaut, the first person of Jewish descent to fly in space (Soyuz 5) · 1969Bradley EfronStatistics; invented the bootstrap resampling method · 1938Branko GrunbaumDiscrete and combinatorial geometry; polytopes and tilings · 1929Bret WeinsteinEvolutionary biologist and DarkHorse Podcast host; the Evergreen 2017 affair made him a national figure of the campus-speech debate. · 2017Brian DrukerOncologist who developed imatinib (Gleevec), a breakthrough targeted therapy for leukemia. · 1955Brian GreenePhysicist; string theory research and popular science communication · 1963Brian JosephsonPhysicist; predicted the Josephson effect in superconductors, Nobel Prize 1973 · 1940Bruce AlbertsBiochemist, lead author of the textbook Molecular Biology of the Cell and former president of the US National Academy of Sciences. · 1938Bruce AmesBiochemist who devised the Ames test, a widely used assay for detecting chemical mutagens and carcinogens. · 1928Bruce BerneTheoretical chemist known for molecular dynamics and statistical mechanics · 1940Bruce BeutlerImmunologist awarded the 2011 Nobel Prize for discoveries on the activation of innate immunity via Toll-like receptors. · 1957Bruno PontecorvoPhysicist; theory of neutrino oscillations · 1913Bruno RossiPhysicist; cosmic-ray physics and founding of X-ray astronomy · 1905Bruno TouschekPhysicist; built the first electron-positron collider (AdA) · 1921Bryce DeWittPhysicist; canonical quantum gravity and the Wheeler-DeWitt equation · 1923Burrill CrohnGastroenterologist who first described the inflammatory bowel disorder now called Crohn's disease. · 1884Burton RichterPhysicist; discovered the J/psi particle (charm quark), Nobel Prize 1976 · 1931C. Ronald KahnEndocrinologist who elucidated insulin signaling and its role in diabetes · 1944Carl BendaCytologist who discovered and named the mitochondria. · 1857Carl BenderMathematical physicist; asymptotic methods and PT-symmetric quantum mechanics · 1943Carl BorchardtAnalysis and the arithmetic-geometric mean · 1817Carl DjerassiChemist who first synthesized an orally active progestin, making the contraceptive pill possible. · 1923Carl JacobiMathematician; foundational work in elliptic functions, dynamics and the Jacobian determinant · 1804Carl KollerOphthalmologist who introduced local anesthesia by using cocaine in eye surgery. · 1857Carl LiebermannOrganic chemist who helped synthesize the dye alizarin · 1842Carl NeubergBiochemist often called the father of modern biochemistry for his work on fermentation. · 1877Carl SaganAstronomer; planetary science and renowned science communicator · 1934Carl WeigertPathologist who developed key tissue-staining methods, including stains for bacteria and myelin. · 1845Carla ShatzNeuroscientist who showed how neural activity shapes brain wiring during development. · 1947Carlo Di CastroPhysicist; renormalization group in condensed matter theory · 1937Carlos KenigHarmonic analysis and nonlinear dispersive PDEs · 1953Carol HallChemical engineer known for biomolecular and polymer modeling · 1946Casimir FunkCoined the term 'vitamine' and advanced vitamin-deficiency theory · 1912César MilsteinAwarded the 1984 Nobel Prize for developing the technique to produce monoclonal antibodies. · 1927Cesare LombrosoPhysician and a founder of modern criminology and forensic psychiatry. · 1835Chad MirkinChemist known for nanotechnology and spherical nucleic acids · 1963Chaim PekerisGeophysicist known for work on seismology and the free oscillations of the Earth · 1908Chaim WeizmannAcetone-Butanol-Ethanol Fermentation · 1916Charles FeffermanHarmonic analysis and PDEs (Fields Medal) · 1949Charles KelmanInvented phacoemulsification, transforming cataract surgery · 1930Charles LieberChemist known for nanowires and nanoscale materials · 1959Charles LoewnerComplex analysis; the Loewner differential equation · 1893Charles NewmanProbability theory and mathematical statistical physics · 1946Charles WeissmannMolecular biologist who cloned interferon and advanced prion research. · 1931Charlotte AuerbachGeneticist who discovered chemical mutagenesis, showing that chemicals can cause genetic mutations. · 1899Charlotte FriendMicrobiologist who advanced viral oncology through her discovery of the Friend leukemia virus. · 1921Charlotte WolffA pioneering German-Jewish lesbian and feminist physician, Charlotte Wolff became interested in sexology, psychotherapy, and chirology while working as a physician in Berlin’s working-class…Christian AnfinsenRibonuclease · 1972Claire FaginClaire Fagin was a distinguished nursing educator, scholar, and dean, as well as the first woman interim president of the University of Pennsylvania and the first female to achieve this position in… · 1926Clara ImmerwahrFirst woman to earn a doctorate in chemistry at the University of Breslau; opposed the use of poison gas in war · 1900Claribel ConeClaribel Cone was well known in her time for being a dignified and highly independent woman with two passions: medical research and collecting art and artifacts. · 1864Claude Cohen-TannoudjiMethods to cool and trap atoms with laser light · 1997Claude ItzyksonPhysicist; quantum field theory (co-author of a standard textbook) · 1938Clifford TabinDevelopmental geneticist who elucidated the genetic control of limb formation · 1954Clifford TaubesGauge theory and differential geometry · 1954Corrado SegreFounder of the Italian school of algebraic geometry · 1863Daan FrenkelComputational chemist known for molecular simulation of soft matter · 1948Dan ShechtmanQuasicrystals · 2011Daniel ArnonPlant physiologist who elucidated photophosphorylation, the mechanism by which plants convert light into chemical energy. · 1910Daniel CohenGeneticist who led production of the first physical map of the human genome (Genethon/CEPH) · 1951Daniel DruckerEndocrinologist whose GLP-1 research underlies modern diabetes and obesity drugs. · 1956Daniel GoldstonNumber theorist of small gaps between primes; Cole Prize (2014) · 2014Daniel GorensteinLed the classification of finite simple groups · 1923Daniel KanHomotopy theory; simplicial sets and Kan complexes · 1927Daniel KaneComplexity theorist and mathematician; Gödel Prize laureate (2026) · 2026Daniel KleppnerPhysicist; atomic clocks and Rydberg atoms · 1932Daniel MattisPhysicist; magnetism and exactly solvable many-body models · 1932Daniel MaziaCell biologist known for foundational research on cell division (mitosis) · 1912Daniel NathansAwarded the 1978 Nobel Prize for applying restriction enzymes to map the genetic makeup of viruses. · 1928Daniel RothmanGeophysicist known for mathematical modeling of Earth's carbon cycle and mass extinctions · 1957Daniel StroockProbability; the Stroock-Varadhan martingale problem · 1940Daniel WiseGeometric group theory; special cube complexes · 1971David AtlasMeteorologist who invented and developed weather radar and Doppler weather radar · 1924David BakerBiochemist awarded the 2024 Nobel Prize for computational protein design. · 1962David BaltimoreReverse Transcriptase · 1975David BodianNeuroanatomist whose research on poliovirus was essential to the development of the polio vaccine. · 1910David BotsteinGeneticist who pioneered the use of DNA markers to map the human genome. · 1942David ChandlerTheoretical chemist known for statistical mechanics of liquids · 1944David DeutschPhysicist; pioneer of quantum computation and the universal quantum computer · 1953David FinkelsteinPhysicist; understanding of the black hole event horizon · 1929David Frank-KamenetskyPhysicist; combustion theory and astrophysics · 1910David GaleGame theory and mathematical economics; Gale-Shapley algorithm · 1921David GrossPhysicist; discovered asymptotic freedom in QCD, Nobel Prize 2004 · 1941David HarbaterAlgebraic geometry; the inverse Galois problem · 1952David JuliusAwarded the 2021 Nobel Prize in Medicine for discovering receptors for temperature and touch · 1955David KazhdanRepresentation theory; Kazhdan's property (T) · 1946David KeilinBiologist who discovered the cytochromes and their role in cellular respiration. · 1887David KlenermanChemist who co-invented next-generation DNA sequencing (the technology behind Illumina/Solexa). · 1959David LeePhysicist; discovered superfluidity in helium-3, Nobel Prize 1996 · 1931David LesterBiomedical researcherDavid LipmanBioinformatics pioneer, co-developer of BLAST and longtime director of NCBI · 1956David MilsteinChemist known for catalysis and metal-ligand bond activation · 1947David NathanPioneer of pediatric hematology; National Medal of Science (1990) · 1990David RittenbergBiochemist who pioneered the use of isotopic tracers to study metabolism · 1906David SchoenbergPhysicist; the de Haas-van Alphen effect and superconductivity · 1911David SpergelAstrophysicist; analysis of the cosmic microwave background (WMAP) · 1961David StolerPhysicist (quantum optics, squeezed states)David WolfNASA astronaut and physician who lived aboard the Mir space station and performed multiple spacewalks · 1997David YudinOptimization; the ellipsoid method · 1919Deborah DoniachImmunologist who helped establish the concept of organ-specific autoimmune disease. · 1912Denes KonigWrote the first textbook on graph theory; Konig's theorem · 1884Dennis GaitsgoryProof of the geometric Langlands conjecture · 1973Dennis KasperMicrobiologist and immunologist, research on bacterial polysaccharides and vaccines · 1943Dennis SciamaCosmologist; mentor of a generation of relativists and cosmologists · 1926Don ZagierNumber theory; modular forms and the Gross-Zagier theorem · 1951Donald GlaserPhysicist; invented the bubble chamber, Nobel Prize 1960 · 1926Donald OrnsteinErgodic theory; the Ornstein isomorphism theorem · 1934Dorian GoldfeldNumber theory; the class number problem · 1947Doron ZeilbergerCombinatorics; computerized proof of hypergeometric identities · 1950Douglas OsheroffPhysicist; discovered superfluidity in helium-3, Nobel Prize 1996 · 1945Drew WeissmanNucleoside base modifications enabling effective mRNA vaccines against COVID-19 · 2023Edith BülbringGerman-born scientist Edith Bülbring was renowned for her work in smooth muscle physiology, which paved the way for contemporary cellular investigations. · 1903Edmond FischerAwarded the 1992 Nobel Prize for discovering reversible protein phosphorylation as a biological regulatory mechanism. · 1920Edmund KleinDermatologist, pioneer of topical cancer immunotherapy · 1922Edmund LandauAnalytic number theory; popularized big-O notation · 1877Édouard BrézinFrench theorist of critical phenomena; Dirac Medal (2011) · 2011Eduard DonathChemist known for technical and applied chemistry · 1848Eduard HeineAnalysis; the Heine-Borel theorem · 1821Eduard SuessGeologist who founded modern tectonics and hypothesized the supercontinent Gondwanaland · 1831Edward GinztonPhysicist; microwave technology and medical linear accelerators · 1915Edward KasnerDifferential geometry; coined the term 'googol' · 1878Edward OttChaos theorist and co-inventor of chaos control; Richardson Medal (2017) · 1941Edward Szpilrajn-MarczewskiMeasure theory and dimension theory · 1907Edward TellerHydrogen Bomb · 1952Edward WittenMathematical physics and string theory; only physicist to win the Fields Medal · 1951Edward ZipserMeteorologist known for research on tropical convection and mesoscale weather systems · 1939Edwin CohenProtein chemist known for blood plasma fractionation · 1892Edwin CohnBiochemist who developed blood plasma fractionation, enabling the medical use of albumin and immune globulins. · 1892Edwin Kessler IIIMeteorologist known for radar meteorology and the study of severe storms · 1928Edwin SalpeterAstrophysicist; stellar nucleosynthesis and the Salpeter mass function · 1924Edwin SpanierAlgebraic topology; author of a standard textbook · 1921Efim FradkinTheoretical physicist; quantum field theory and quantum gravity · 1924Efim ZelmanovGroup theory; solved the restricted Burnside problem (Fields Medal) · 1955Efraim RackerBiochemist who reconstituted and elucidated the enzyme that synthesizes ATP. · 1913Egon OrowanPhysicist who helped develop the theory of crystal dislocations and applied it to plate tectonics · 1902Ehud HrushovskiModel theory and its applications to algebra · 1959Eitan TadmorIsraeli-American pioneer of numerical methods for conservation laws; Wiener Prize (2022) · 2022Elaine OranPioneer of computational combustion; APS Fluid Dynamics Prize (2013) · 1946Elena Gal'pernChemist who theoretically predicted the structure of the C60 fullerene · 1930Elga Ruth WassermanChemist Elga Wasserman – a recipient of a Ph.D. in organic chemistry from Harvard in 1949 and a J.D. from Yale in 1976 – is best known for overseeing the entrance of the first coeducational class at… · 1924Eli YablonovitchPhysicist; founder of the field of photonic crystals · 1946Elias SteinHarmonic analysis; singular integrals and oscillatory integrals · 1931Elie MetchnikoffDiscovered phagocytosis and cellular immunity; Nobel 1908 (NOT the inventor of yogurt; he popularized the probiotic/lactic-acid longevity theory) · 1908Elijah MontaltoPhysician to the French court of Marie de Medici and medical author · c. 1600Elisabeth GoldschmidtElisabeth Goldschmidt was the founder of genetic studies as a research and teaching discipline at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. · 1912Elizabeth NeufeldBiochemist who elucidated the cellular basis of lysosomal storage diseases. · 1928Ellen Shulman BakerPhysician and NASA astronaut, mission specialist on three Space Shuttle flights · 1989Elliot MontrollPhysicist; statistical mechanics and random walks · 1916Elliott LiebMathematical physics; stability of matter · 1932Elon LindenstraussErgodic theory and number theory (Fields Medal) · 1970Elsa NeumannElsa Neumann was the first woman to receive a doctoral degree from the University of Berlin. · 1872Elvin KabatImmunochemist who was a founder of quantitative immunochemistry and antibody structure. · 1914Emil WarburgPhysicist; magnetism and gas kinetics (the magnetocaloric Warburg effect) · 1846Emil WolfPhysicist; optical coherence theory (co-author of 'Principles of Optics') · 1922Emilio SegrèPhysicist; discovered the antiproton, Nobel Prize 1959 · 1905Emily CarterTheoretical chemist known for quantum chemistry and materials modeling · 1960Emmy Klieneberger-NobelMicrobiologist who discovered the L-forms of bacteria and pioneered mycoplasma research. · 1892Emmy NoetherFounder of modern abstract algebra; Noether's theorem · 1882Ephraim Katchalski-KatzirBiophysicist and pioneer of protein research who served as the fourth President of Israel. · 1916Eric KandelSignal transduction in the nervous system underlying memory · 2000Eric LanderGeneticist who was a principal leader of the Human Genome Project. · 1957Eric ReissnerAuthor of the Reissner plate theory used across structural engineering; Timoshenko Medal (1973) · 1913Erika LandauErika Landau (1931-2013) was a psychotherapist and educator known for her interest in giftedness and creativity. · 1931Ernest BeutlerHematologist and geneticist who advanced the treatment of inherited blood and metabolic diseases. · 1928Ernest CourantCo-invented strong focusing, the basis of modern particle accelerators; Fermi Award (1986); son of Richard Courant · 1986Ernst BergmannOrganic chemist and founding figure of Israeli science · 1903Ernst Boris ChainBiochemist awarded the 1945 Nobel Prize for isolating penicillin and developing it into a usable therapeutic drug · 1906Ernst GräfenbergGynaecologist who devised the first practical intrauterine device, the Gräfenberg ring · 1929Ernst HellingerFunctional analysis; the Hellinger integral · 1883Ernst PickImmunologist and pharmacologist known for research on immunity and drug action · 1872Ernst SteinitzAlgebra; foundational theory of abstract fields · 1871Ernst WynderEpidemiologist whose research helped establish the link between smoking and lung cancer. · 1922Erwin ChargaffBiochemist who formulated Chargaff's rules of DNA base composition, a key step toward the double-helix model. · 1905Erwin HahnPhysicist who discovered the spin echo in nuclear magnetic resonance · 1921Esther ConwellPhysicist of electron transport in semiconductors and DNA; National Medal of Science (2009) · 2009Esther LederbergMicrobiologist who discovered the lambda phage and developed replica plating. · 1922Eugen BambergerOrganic chemist known for the Bamberger rearrangement · 1857Eugene BraunwaldCardiologist regarded as one of the most influential figures in modern cardiovascular medicine. · 1929Eugene DynkinLie algebras and probability; Dynkin diagrams · 1924Eugene GuthCo-founder of the statistical theory of rubber elasticity; Bingham Medal (1965) · 1905Eugene WignerMathematical physics; group theory in quantum mechanics (Nobel) · 1902Eugenio CalabiDifferential geometry; Calabi-Yau manifolds · 1923Eugenio Elia LeviLie algebras; the Levi decomposition · 1883Eve MarderNeuroscientist of neural circuit stability; National Medal of Science (2023) · 2023Evelyn WitkinGeneticist who discovered the bacterial SOS response and advanced the study of DNA repair. · 1921Evgeny LifshitzPhysicist; co-author of the Landau-Lifshitz Course of Theoretical Physics · 1915Ezekiel EmanuelOncologist and bioethicist; architect of health policy who advised U.S. presidents (Affordable Care Act) · 2010Fay Ajzenberg-SeloveNuclear physicist and definitive authority on light-nuclei energy levels; National Medal of Science (2007) · 2007Federigo EnriquesAlgebraic geometry; classification of algebraic surfaces · 1871Felix AuerbachContinuum mechanicsFelix BerezinMathematical physicist; founder of supermathematics and Berezin integration · 1931Felix BernsteinSet theory; the Cantor-Bernstein theorem · 1878Felix BlochPhysicist, co-developer of nuclear magnetic resonance; Nobel Prize in Physics 1952 · 1905Felix BrowderNonlinear functional analysis; monotone operator theory · 1927Felix DeutschPhysician who advanced psychosomatic medicine · 1884Felix FranklMathematician, partial differential equations and transonic aerodynamics · 1905Felix HausdorffFounder of modern topology; Hausdorff spaces and dimension · 1868Felix PollaczekQueueing theory; the Pollaczek-Khinchine formula · 1892Ferdinand CohnBotanist regarded as a founder of modern bacteriology. · 1828Frances Rosenthal KallisonFrances Elaine Rosenthal Kallison was a horsewoman and historian, a cofounder of the Texas Jewish Historical Society, and the only Jewish woman in the National Museum and Cowgirl Hall of Fame. · 1908Francis LowPhysicist; quantum field theory and the Low energy theorem · 1921Francis SimonPhysicist; low-temperature physics and the third law of thermodynamics · 1893François EnglertTheory of the mechanism giving elementary particles mass (Higgs mechanism) · 2013François GrosMolecular biologist who co-discovered messenger RNA. · 1925François JacobAwarded the 1965 Nobel Prize for discovering the operon model of gene regulation. · 1920Frank ColtonChemist who synthesized the progestin used in the first oral contraceptive pill. · 1923Frank HararyA founder of modern graph theory · 1921Frank NabarroPhysicist; theory of dislocations and crystal plasticity · 1916Frank OppenheimerManhattan Project physicist, blacklisted under McCarthyism, who founded the Exploratorium in San Francisco — the museum that taught the world to touch science. · 1969Frank PressGeophysicist and seismologist who served as US presidential science advisor · 1924Frank SpitzerProbability theory; random walks and interacting particle systems · 1926Frank WestheimerChemist known for physical organic and bioorganic chemistry · 1912Franz SondheimerOrganic chemist known for the synthesis of annulenes and natural products · 1926Frederic RieszMathematicianFrederick ReinesPhysicist; first experimental detection of the neutrino, Nobel Prize 1995 · 1918Friedrich LeviAlgebra and graph theory; the Levi graph · 1888Frigyes RieszFounder of functional analysis; Riesz representation theorem · 1880Fritz BlauChemist, first to synthesize bipyridine and luminol · 1865Fritz FeiglAnalytical chemist known for spot-test analysis · 1891Fritz HaberHaber-Bosch Process (Ammonia Synthesis) · 1918

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