Myśliciele XX wieku
Żydowscy laureaci nagrody „Myśliciele XX wieku” udokumentowani w katalogu ThankJews. Żydzi stanowią około 30% wszystkich laureatów — przy około 0,2% udziału w ludności świata.
142 udokumentowanych laureatów
Alfred Adler1870
Founder of individual psychology and the concept of the inferiority complex
Źródło: Jinfo.org — Jews in Philosophy
Theodor Adorno1903
Frankfurt School philosopher and social theorist, a founder of critical theory
Źródło: Jinfo.org — Jews in Philosophy
Samuel Alexander1859
British philosopher of emergent evolution, author of 'Space, Time, and Deity'
Źródło: Jinfo.org — Jews in Philosophy
Hannah Arendt1951
Political Philosophy
Źródło: The Origins of Totalitarianism
Rudolf Arnheim1904
Pioneer of the psychology of art and visual perception
Źródło: Jinfo.org — Jews in Psychology
Raymond Aron1905
French political philosopher and sociologist
Źródło: Jinfo.org — Jews in Philosophy
Kenneth Arrow1972
General Equilibrium Theory
Źródło: Nobel Prize Economics 1972
Erich Auerbach1892
Author of Mimesis, the foundational work of comparative literature
Źródło: Jinfo.org — Jews among the 250 most-cited scholars in the Arts & Humanities
Daniel Bell1919
Sociologist known for 'The Coming of Post-Industrial Society' and 'The End of Ideology'
Źródło: Jinfo.org — Jews in Sociology
Julien Benda1867
French philosopher, author of 'La Trahison des clercs'
Źródło: Jinfo.org — Jews in Philosophy
Walter Benjamin1892
Philosopher and critic whose essays on language and translation remain influential.
Źródło: Jinfo.org — Jews in Linguistics
Emile Benveniste1966
Structural linguist known for major work on Indo-European languages and theory of enunciation
Źródło: Britannica
Bernard Berenson
Profiled in Thinkers of the 20th Century
Źródło: Jinfo.org — Jews Profiled in Thinkers of the Twentieth Century
Peter Berger1929
Sociologist of knowledge and religion; co-author of 'The Social Construction of Reality'
Źródło: Jinfo.org — Jews in Sociology
Henri Bergson1927
Rich and vital ideas and the brilliant skill with which they were presented
Źródło: Jinfo.org / Nobel Prize Literature 1927
Isaiah Berlin1909
British political philosopher and historian of ideas, known for 'Two Concepts of Liberty' and value pluralism
Źródło: Jinfo.org — Jews in Philosophy
Basil Bernstein1924
Sociolinguist known for the theory of elaborated and restricted linguistic codes.
Źródło: Jinfo.org — Jews in Linguistics
Bruno Bettelheim1903
Child psychologist known for work on autism and emotional development
Źródło: Jinfo.org — Jews in Psychology
Max Black1909
Analytic philosopher of language and science
Źródło: Jinfo.org — Jews in Philosophy
Ernst Bloch1885
German Marxist philosopher, author of 'The Principle of Hope'
Źródło: Jinfo.org — Jews in Philosophy
Marc Bloch
Profiled in Thinkers of the 20th Century
Źródło: Jinfo.org — Jews Profiled in Thinkers of the Twentieth Century
Leonard Bloomfield1887
American linguist, founder of structural linguistics and author of the landmark 1933 book 'Language'.
Źródło: Jinfo.org — Jews in Linguistics
Franz Boas1858
Father of American anthropology; pioneered descriptive linguistics of Native American languages.
Źródło: Jinfo.org — Jews in Linguistics
Niels Bohr1913
Atomic Structure
Źródło: Nobel Prize Physics 1922
Max Born1954
Statistical interpretation of the quantum-mechanical wave function
Źródło: Jinfo.org / Nobel Prize Physics 1954
Jacob Bronowski
Profiled in Thinkers of the 20th Century
Źródło: Jinfo.org — Jews Profiled in Thinkers of the Twentieth Century
Jerome Bruner1915
Cognitive psychologist whose work shaped theories of language acquisition and cognitive development.
Źródło: Jinfo.org — Jews in Linguistics
Leon Brunschvicg1869
French idealist philosopher
Źródło: Jinfo.org — Jews in Philosophy
Martin Buber1878
Jewish philosopher of dialogue, author of 'I and Thou'
Źródło: Jinfo.org — Jews in Philosophy
Benjamin Cardozo1870
US Supreme Court Justice and influential common-law jurist; author of 'The Nature of the Judicial Process'
Źródło: Jinfo.org — Jews in Law & Jurisprudence
Ernst Cassirer1874
Neo-Kantian philosopher of symbolic forms
Źródło: Jinfo.org — Jews in Philosophy
Noam Chomsky1957
Linguistics Theory
Źródło: Transformational grammar
Morris Raphael Cohen1880
American philosopher of law and science
Źródło: Jinfo.org — Jews in Philosophy
Jacques Derrida1930
Philosopher, founder of deconstruction and influential theorist of language and meaning.
Źródło: Jinfo.org — Jews in Linguistics
Emile Durkheim1895
Sociologist, a founding figure of modern sociology as an academic discipline
Źródło: Britannica
Ronald Dworkin1931
Legal philosopher; developed 'law as integrity' and the principal critique of legal positivism
Źródło: Jinfo.org — Jews in Law & Jurisprudence
Albert Einstein1905
Theory of Relativity
Źródło: Nobel Prize Physics 1921
Sergei Eisenstein
Profiled in Thinkers of the 20th Century
Źródło: Jinfo.org — Jews Profiled in Thinkers of the Twentieth Century
Erik Erikson1902
Developmental psychologist who formulated psychosocial stages and the identity crisis
Źródło: Jinfo.org — Jews in Psychology
Hans Eysenck1916
Personality psychologist known for dimensional models of temperament
Źródło: Jinfo.org — Jews in Psychology
Herbert Feigl1902
Vienna Circle philosopher of science, philosophy of mind
Źródło: Jinfo.org — Jews in Philosophy
Richard Feynman1948
Quantum Electrodynamics
Źródło: Nobel Prize Physics 1965
Stanley Fish1938
Literary theorist of reader-response criticism
Źródło: Jinfo.org — Jews among the 250 most-cited scholars in the Arts & Humanities
Meyer Fortes1906
Social anthropologist known for kinship studies of the Tallensi of West Africa
Źródło: Jinfo.org — Jews in Anthropology
Jerome Frank1909
Psychiatrist known for comparative research on psychotherapy and persuasion
Źródło: Jinfo.org — Jews in Psychology
Felix Frankfurter1882
US Supreme Court Justice and constitutional scholar; leading advocate of judicial restraint
Źródło: Jinfo.org — Jews in Law & Jurisprudence
Anna Freud1895
Founder of child psychoanalysis and theorist of ego defense mechanisms
Źródło: Jinfo.org — Jews in Psychology
Sigmund Freud1896
Psychoanalysis
Źródło: Founded modern psychology
Milton Friedman1962
Free Market Economics
Źródło: Nobel Prize Economics 1976
Erich Fromm1900
Humanistic psychoanalyst and social philosopher
Źródło: Jinfo.org — Jews in Philosophy
Clifford Geertz1926
Founder of interpretive anthropology and 'thick description', author of 'The Interpretation of Cultures'
Źródło: Jinfo.org — Jews in Anthropology
Murray Gell-Mann1969
Classification of elementary particles and their interactions (quark theory)
Źródło: Jinfo.org / Nobel Prize Physics 1969
Ernest Gellner1925
Philosopher and social anthropologist, theorist of nationalism
Źródło: Jinfo.org — Jews in Philosophy
Erving Goffman1922
Sociologist who studied the interactional organization of talk and everyday conversation.
Źródło: Jinfo.org — Jews in Linguistics
Kurt Goldstein1878
Neurologist and founder of the holistic and organismic approach to brain function.
Źródło: Jinfo.org — Jews in Biology
Ernst Gombrich1909
Author of The Story of Art, the world's most-read art history book
Źródło: Jinfo.org — Jews among the 250 most-cited scholars in the Arts & Humanities
Nelson Goodman1906
American philosopher, the 'new riddle of induction' and nominalism
Źródło: Jinfo.org — Jews in Philosophy
Paul Goodman
Profiled in Thinkers of the 20th Century
Źródło: Jinfo.org — Jews Profiled in Thinkers of the Twentieth Century
Stephen Jay Gould1941
Paleontologist and evolutionary biologist who co-developed the theory of punctuated equilibrium.
Źródło: Jinfo.org — Jews in Biology
Oscar Handlin
Profiled in Thinkers of the 20th Century
Źródło: Jinfo.org — Jews Profiled in Thinkers of the Twentieth Century
H.L.A. Hart1907
Leading legal philosopher; author of 'The Concept of Law', foundational to modern legal positivism
Źródło: Jinfo.org — Jews in Political Philosophy & Science
Abraham Joshua Heschel1907
Jewish theologian and philosopher of religion
Źródło: Jinfo.org — Jews in Philosophy
E. D. Hirsch Jr.1928
Literary theorist; author of Cultural Literacy
Źródło: Jinfo.org — Jews among the 250 most-cited scholars in the Arts & Humanities
Richard Hofstadter1916
Two-time Pulitzer-winning historian of American political culture
Źródło: Jinfo.org — Jews among the 250 most-cited scholars in the Arts & Humanities
Sidney Hook1902
American pragmatist philosopher
Źródło: Jinfo.org — Jews in Philosophy
Max Horkheimer1895
Director of the Frankfurt School and co-founder of critical theory
Źródło: Jinfo.org — Jews in Philosophy
Edmund Husserl1900
Philosopher who founded phenomenology; born into a Jewish family (later converted to Lutheranism)
Źródło: Britannica
Ivan Illich
Profiled in Thinkers of the 20th Century
Źródło: Jinfo.org — Jews Profiled in Thinkers of the Twentieth Century
François Jacob1920
Awarded the 1965 Nobel Prize for discovering the operon model of gene regulation.
Źródło: Jinfo.org — Jews in Biology
Roman Jakobson1896
Founder of structural linguistics and modern phonology; developed distinctive-feature theory.
Źródło: Jinfo.org — Jews in Linguistics
Hans Kelsen1881
Legal philosopher; developed the 'Pure Theory of Law' and modern legal positivism
Źródło: Jinfo.org — Jews in Law & Jurisprudence
Lawrence Klein1980
Econometric Modeling
Źródło: Nobel Prize Economics 1980
Melanie Klein1882
Founder of object relations theory and child psychoanalysis
Źródło: Jinfo.org — Jews in Psychology
Arthur Koestler1905
Novelist and essayist ('Darkness at Noon')
Źródło: Jinfo.org — Jews in Literature
Kurt Koffka1886
Co-founder of Gestalt psychology
Źródło: Jinfo.org — Jews in Philosophy
Karl Kraus
Profiled in Thinkers of the 20th Century
Źródło: Jinfo.org — Jews Profiled in Thinkers of the Twentieth Century
Hans Krebs1953
Discovery of the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) in cellular metabolism
Źródło: Jinfo.org / Nobel Prize Medicine 1953
Saul Kripke1940
Philosopher and logician known for the causal theory of reference and modal logic.
Źródło: Jinfo.org — Jews in Linguistics
Thomas Kuhn1922
Philosopher of science, author of 'The Structure of Scientific Revolutions' and the concept of paradigm shifts
Źródło: Jinfo.org — Jews in Philosophy
Simon Kuznets1971
Empirical research on economic growth and the measurement of national income
Źródło: Jinfo.org / Nobel Prize Economics 1971
Imre Lakatos1922
Philosophy of mathematics; Proofs and Refutations
Źródło: Jinfo.org — Jews in Mathematics
Harold Laski
Profiled in Thinkers of the 20th Century
Źródło: Jinfo.org — Jews Profiled in Thinkers of the Twentieth Century
Wassily Leontief1905
Developed input-output economic analysis; Nobel laureate.
Źródło: Jinfo.org — Jews in Computer Science
Claude Lévi-Strauss1955
Founder of structural anthropology; author of Tristes Tropiques and The Elementary Structures of Kinship.
Źródło: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_L%C3%A9vi-Strauss
Lucien Lévy-Bruhl1857
French philosopher and anthropologist
Źródło: Jinfo.org — Jews in Philosophy
Kurt Lewin1890
Founder of modern social psychology and field theory
Źródło: Jinfo.org — Jews in Psychology
Oscar Lewis1914
Anthropologist who developed the concept of the 'culture of poverty'
Źródło: Jinfo.org — Jews in Sociology
Walter Lippmann
Profiled in Thinkers of the 20th Century
Źródło: Jinfo.org — Jews Profiled in Thinkers of the Twentieth Century
Seymour Martin Lipset1922
Leading political sociologist; author of 'Political Man'
Źródło: Jinfo.org — Jews in Sociology
Gyorgy Lukács1885
Hungarian Marxist philosopher and literary theorist
Źródło: Jinfo.org — Jews in Philosophy
Alexander Luria1902
Founder of modern neuropsychology and the study of the brain's functional organization.
Źródło: Jinfo.org — Jews in Biology
Salvador Luria1912
Awarded the 1969 Nobel Prize for discoveries on the replication and genetics of viruses (bacteriophages).
Źródło: Jinfo.org — Jews in Biology
Rosa Luxemburg
Profiled in Thinkers of the 20th Century
Źródło: Jinfo.org — Jews Profiled in Thinkers of the Twentieth Century
Karl Mannheim1893
Founder of the sociology of knowledge
Źródło: Jinfo.org — Jews in Philosophy
Gabriel Marcel1889
French existentialist philosopher (of Jewish descent)
Źródło: Jinfo.org — Jews in Philosophy
Herbert Marcuse1898
Frankfurt School philosopher, author of 'One-Dimensional Man'
Źródło: Jinfo.org — Jews in Philosophy
Abraham Maslow1908
Founder of humanistic psychology and the hierarchy of needs
Źródło: Jinfo.org — Jews in Psychology
Robert K. Merton1994
Founder of the sociology of science; coined 'self-fulfilling prophecy' and 'role model'; National Medal of Science (1994)
Źródło: Jinfo.org — Jewish recipients of the US National Medal of Science
Hermann Muller1890
Awarded the 1946 Nobel Prize for showing that X-rays induce genetic mutations.
Źródło: Jinfo.org — Jews in Biology
Lewis Mumford
Profiled in Thinkers of the 20th Century
Źródło: Jinfo.org — Jews Profiled in Thinkers of the Twentieth Century
Ernest Nagel1901
Philosopher of science, author of 'The Structure of Science'
Źródło: Jinfo.org — Jews in Philosophy
Sir Lewis Namier
Profiled in Thinkers of the 20th Century
Źródło: Jinfo.org — Jews Profiled in Thinkers of the Twentieth Century
John von Neumann1945
Computer Architecture and Game Theory
Źródło: Manhattan Project / Princeton
Otto Neurath1882
Vienna Circle philosopher, advocate of physicalism and unified science
Źródło: Jinfo.org — Jews in Philosophy
Emmy Noether1882
Founder of modern abstract algebra; Noether's theorem
Źródło: Jinfo.org — Jews in Mathematics
J. Robert Oppenheimer1945
Scientific director of the Manhattan Project at Los Alamos; theoretical physicist and, afterwards, an advocate of international control of nuclear weapons
Źródło: Wikipedia — J. Robert Oppenheimer
Erwin Panofsky1892
Founder of modern iconology in art history
Źródło: Jinfo.org — Jews among the 250 most-cited scholars in the Arts & Humanities
Wolfgang Pauli1945
Discovery of the exclusion principle governing electron behavior
Źródło: Jinfo.org / Nobel Prize Physics 1945
Max Perutz1962
Hemoglobin Structure
Źródło: Nobel Prize Chemistry 1962
Karl Polanyi1886
Economic anthropologist and historian, author of 'The Great Transformation'
Źródło: Jinfo.org — Jews in Anthropology
Michael Polanyi1891
Physical chemist known for reaction rate theory and adsorption
Źródło: Jinfo.org — Jews in Chemistry
Karl Popper1902
Philosopher of science, developed falsifiability as the criterion of demarcation; author of 'The Open Society and Its Enemies'
Źródło: Jinfo.org — Jews in Philosophy
Otto Rank1884
Psychoanalyst known for theories of the birth trauma and will
Źródło: Jinfo.org — Jews in Psychology
Wilhelm Reich1897
Psychoanalyst and social philosopher
Źródło: Jinfo.org — Jews in Philosophy
David Riesman1909
Sociologist and author of the influential study of American character 'The Lonely Crowd'
Źródło: Jinfo.org — Jews in Sociology
Harold Rosenberg
Profiled in Thinkers of the 20th Century
Źródło: Jinfo.org — Jews Profiled in Thinkers of the Twentieth Century
Marshall Sahlins1930
Anthropologist known for 'Stone Age Economics' and 'Islands of History'
Źródło: Jinfo.org — Jews in Anthropology
Paul Samuelson1948
Economic Theory
Źródło: Nobel Prize Economics 1970
Edward Sapir1884
Linguist and anthropologist central to the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis of linguistic relativity.
Źródło: Jinfo.org — Jews in Linguistics
Meyer Schapiro
Profiled in Thinkers of the 20th Century
Źródło: Jinfo.org — Jews Profiled in Thinkers of the Twentieth Century
Max Scheler1874
German phenomenologist and founder of philosophical anthropology (of Jewish descent)
Źródło: Jinfo.org — Jews in Philosophy
Heinrich Schenker
Profiled in Thinkers of the 20th Century
Źródło: Jinfo.org — Jews Profiled in Thinkers of the Twentieth Century
Arnold Schoenberg1921
Austrian composer who pioneered atonality and the twelve-tone technique, a founder of the Second Viennese School and one of the most influential musical modernists.
Źródło: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnold_Schoenberg
Gershom Scholem
Profiled in Thinkers of the 20th Century
Źródło: Jinfo.org — Jews Profiled in Thinkers of the Twentieth Century
Julian Schwinger1918
Physicist; co-founder of quantum electrodynamics (QED), Nobel Prize 1965
Źródło: Jinfo.org — Jews in Physics
Edward Shils1910
Sociologist known for work on tradition, intellectuals, and the 'center and periphery'
Źródło: Jinfo.org — Jews in Sociology
Georg Simmel1858
German sociologist and philosopher
Źródło: Jinfo.org — Jews in Philosophy
Herbert Simon1978
Research into decision-making processes within economic organizations
Źródło: Jinfo.org / Nobel Prize Economics 1978
Susan Sontag1933
American writer and public intellectual whose essays on culture and photography shaped criticism.
Źródło: IMDb (Jewish Actors list)
Leo Spitzer1887
Romance philologist and founder of literary stylistics.
Źródło: Jinfo.org — Jews in Linguistics
William Stern1871
Psychologist and philosopher of personalism, originated the concept of IQ
Źródło: Jinfo.org — Jews in Philosophy
Leo Strauss1899
Political philosopher and scholar of classical political thought
Źródło: Jinfo.org — Jews in Philosophy
Alfred Tarski1901
Foundational logician; theory of truth and decidability.
Źródło: Jinfo.org — Jews in Computer Science
Lionel Trilling1905
Preeminent American literary critic of the mid-20th century
Źródło: Jinfo.org — Jews among the 250 most-cited scholars in the Arts & Humanities
Leon Trotsky
Profiled in Thinkers of the 20th Century
Źródło: Jinfo.org — Jews Profiled in Thinkers of the Twentieth Century
Lev Vygotsky1896
Psychologist whose work on thought and language founded developmental psycholinguistics.
Źródło: Jinfo.org — Jews in Linguistics
Simone Weil1909
French philosopher and mystic
Źródło: Jinfo.org — Jews in Philosophy
Max Wertheimer1880
Founder of Gestalt psychology
Źródło: Jinfo.org — Jews in Philosophy
Norbert Wiener1894
Founded cybernetics and statistical communication theory.
Źródło: Jinfo.org — Jews in Computer Science
Eugene Wigner1902
Mathematical physics; group theory in quantum mechanics (Nobel)
Źródło: Jinfo.org — Jews in Mathematics
Louis Wirth1897
Pioneer of urban sociology; author of 'Urbanism as a Way of Life'
Źródło: Jinfo.org — Jews in Sociology
Ludwig Wittgenstein1889
Philosopher of language, author of the 'Tractatus' and 'Philosophical Investigations'.
Źródło: Jinfo.org — Jews in Linguistics