Penseurs du XXe siècle

Lauréats juifs du Penseurs du XXe siècle répertoriés dans l'annuaire ThankJews. Les Juifs représentent environ 30 % de l'ensemble des lauréats — alors qu'ils constituent à peu près 0,2 % de la population mondiale.

30%des lauréats sont juifs

142 lauréats répertoriés

Retour aux statistiques

Alfred Adler1870

Fondateur de individual psychology and the concept of the inferiority complex

Source : Jinfo.org — Jews in Philosophy

Theodor Adorno1903

Frankfurt School philosopher and social theorist, a founder of critical theory

Source : Jinfo.org — Jews in Philosophy

Samuel Alexander1859

Philosophe britannique of emergent evolution, auteur de 'Space, Time, and Deity'

Source : Jinfo.org — Jews in Philosophy

Hannah Arendt1951

Political Philosophy

Source : The Origins of Totalitarianism

Rudolf Arnheim1904

Pionnier de the psychology of art and visual perception

Source : Jinfo.org — Jews in Psychology

Raymond Aron1905

French political philosopher and sociologist

Source : Jinfo.org — Jews in Philosophy

Kenneth Arrow1972

Économiste who proved the impossibility theorem of social choice and, with Gérard Debreu, the existence of a general equilibrium in a competitive economy; Prix Nobel d'économie 1972

Source : Wikipedia — Kenneth Arrow / NobelPrize.org Economic Sciences 1972

Erich Auerbach1892

Auteur de Mimesis, the foundational work of comparative literature

Source : Jinfo.org — Jews among the 250 most-cited scholars in the Arts & Humanities

Daniel Bell1919

Sociologue connu pour 'The Coming of Post-Industrial Society' and 'The End of Ideology'

Source : Jinfo.org — Jews in Sociology

Julien Benda1867

Philosophe français, auteur de 'La Trahison des clercs'

Source : Jinfo.org — Jews in Philosophy

Walter Benjamin1892

Philosophe and critic whose essays on language and translation remain influential.

Source : Jinfo.org — Jews in Linguistics

Emile Benveniste1966

Structural linguist connu pour major work on Indo-European languages and theory of enunciation

Source : Britannica

Bernard Berenson

Profiled in Thinkers of the 20th Century

Source : Jinfo.org — Jews Profiled in Thinkers of the Twentieth Century

Peter Berger1929

Sociologue of knowledge and religion; co-author of 'The Social Construction of Reality'

Source : Jinfo.org — Jews in Sociology

Henri Bergson1927

Philosophe français of duration and creative evolution, Prix Nobel de littérature 1927 for his rich and vitalizing ideas; refused Vichy's exemption from the anti-Jewish laws and registered as a Jew…

Source : Wikipedia — Henri Bergson / NobelPrize.org Literature 1927

Isaiah Berlin1909

British political philosopher and historian of ideas, connu pour 'Two Concepts of Liberty' and value pluralism

Source : Jinfo.org — Jews in Philosophy

Basil Bernstein1924

Sociolinguist connu pour the theory of elaborated and restricted linguistic codes.

Source : Jinfo.org — Jews in Linguistics

Bruno Bettelheim1903

Child psychologist connu pour work on autism and emotional development

Source : Jinfo.org — Jews in Psychology

Max Black1909

Analytic philosopher of language and science

Source : Jinfo.org — Jews in Philosophy

Ernst Bloch1885

German Marxist philosopher, auteur de 'The Principle of Hope'

Source : Jinfo.org — Jews in Philosophy

Marc Bloch

Profiled in Thinkers of the 20th Century

Source : Jinfo.org — Jews Profiled in Thinkers of the Twentieth Century

Leonard Bloomfield1887

Linguiste américain, fondateur de structural linguistics and author of the landmark 1933 book 'Language'.

Source : Jinfo.org — Jews in Linguistics

Franz Boas1858

Father of American anthropology; a été pionnier de descriptive linguistics of Native American languages.

Source : Jinfo.org — Jews in Linguistics

Niels Bohr1913

Physicien who gave the quantum model of the atom in 1913 and led Copenhagen's Institute for Theoretical Physics; Prix Nobel de physique 1922

Source : Wikipedia — Niels Bohr

Max Born1954

Cofondateur de quantum mechanics who gave the statistical interpretation of the wave function; Prix Nobel de physique 1954

Source : Wikipedia — Max Born

Jacob Bronowski

Profiled in Thinkers of the 20th Century

Source : Jinfo.org — Jews Profiled in Thinkers of the Twentieth Century

Jerome Bruner1915

Psychologue cognitiviste whose work shaped theories of language acquisition and cognitive development.

Source : Jinfo.org — Jews in Linguistics

Leon Brunschvicg1869

French idealist philosopher

Source : Jinfo.org — Jews in Philosophy

Martin Buber1878

Jewish philosopher of dialogue, auteur de 'I and Thou'

Source : Jinfo.org — Jews in Philosophy

Benjamin Cardozo1870

US Supreme Court Justice and influential common-law jurist; auteur de 'The Nature of the Judicial Process'

Source : Jinfo.org — Jews in Law & Jurisprudence

Ernst Cassirer1874

Neo-Kantian philosopher of symbolic forms

Source : Jinfo.org — Jews in Philosophy

Noam Chomsky1957

Linguistics Theory

Source : Transformational grammar

Morris Raphael Cohen1880

Philosophe américain of law and science

Source : Jinfo.org — Jews in Philosophy

Jacques Derrida1930

Philosophe, fondateur de deconstruction and influential theorist of language and meaning.

Source : Jinfo.org — Jews in Linguistics

Emile Durkheim1895

Sociologue, a founding figure of modern sociology as an academic discipline

Source : Britannica

Ronald Dworkin1931

Legal philosopher; a développé 'law as integrity' and the principal critique of legal positivism

Source : Jinfo.org — Jews in Law & Jurisprudence

Albert Einstein1905

Physicien qui a fondé special and general relativity and explained the photoelectric effect; Prix Nobel de physique 1921

Source : Wikipedia — Albert Einstein

Sergei Eisenstein

Profiled in Thinkers of the 20th Century

Source : Jinfo.org — Jews Profiled in Thinkers of the Twentieth Century

Erik Erikson1902

Psychologue du développement who formulated psychosocial stages and the identity crisis

Source : Jinfo.org — Jews in Psychology

Hans Eysenck1916

Personality psychologist connu pour dimensional models of temperament

Source : Jinfo.org — Jews in Psychology

Herbert Feigl1902

Vienna Circle philosopher of science, philosophy of mind

Source : Jinfo.org — Jews in Philosophy

Richard Feynman1948

Physicien who helped rebuild quantum electrodynamics and introduced Feynman diagrams; Prix Nobel de physique 1965

Source : Wikipedia — Richard Feynman

Stanley Fish1938

Théoricien de la littérature of reader-response criticism

Source : Jinfo.org — Jews among the 250 most-cited scholars in the Arts & Humanities

Meyer Fortes1906

Social anthropologist connu pour kinship studies of the Tallensi of West Africa

Source : Jinfo.org — Jews in Anthropology

Jerome Frank1909

Psychiatre connu pour comparative research on psychotherapy and persuasion

Source : Jinfo.org — Jews in Psychology

Felix Frankfurter1882

US Supreme Court Justice and constitutional scholar; leading advocate of judicial restraint

Source : Jinfo.org — Jews in Law & Jurisprudence

Anna Freud1895

Fondateur de child psychoanalysis and theorist of ego defense mechanisms

Source : Jinfo.org — Jews in Psychology

Sigmund Freud1896

Psychanalyse

Source : Founded modern psychology

Milton Friedman1962

Free Market Economics

Source : Nobel Prize Economics 1976

Erich Fromm1900

Humanistic psychoanalyst and social philosopher

Source : Jinfo.org — Jews in Philosophy

Clifford Geertz1926

Fondateur de interpretive anthropology and 'thick description', auteur de 'The Interpretation of Cultures'

Source : Jinfo.org — Jews in Anthropology

Murray Gell-Mann1969

Classification of elementary particles and their interactions (quark theory)

Source : Jinfo.org / Nobel Prize Physics 1969

Ernest Gellner1925

Philosophe and social anthropologist, theorist of nationalism

Source : Jinfo.org — Jews in Philosophy

Erving Goffman1922

Sociologue who studied the interactional organization of talk and everyday conversation.

Source : Jinfo.org — Jews in Linguistics

Kurt Goldstein1878

Neurologue and founder of the holistic and organismic approach to brain function.

Source : Jinfo.org — Jews in Biology

Ernst Gombrich1909

Auteur de The Story of Art, the world's most-read art history book

Source : Jinfo.org — Jews among the 250 most-cited scholars in the Arts & Humanities

Nelson Goodman1906

Philosophe américain, the 'new riddle of induction' and nominalism

Source : Jinfo.org — Jews in Philosophy

Paul Goodman

Profiled in Thinkers of the 20th Century

Source : Jinfo.org — Jews Profiled in Thinkers of the Twentieth Century

Stephen Jay Gould1941

Paléontologue and evolutionary biologist who co-developed the theory of punctuated equilibrium.

Source : Jinfo.org — Jews in Biology

Oscar Handlin

Profiled in Thinkers of the 20th Century

Source : Jinfo.org — Jews Profiled in Thinkers of the Twentieth Century

H.L.A. Hart1907

Leading legal philosopher; auteur de 'The Concept of Law', foundational to modern legal positivism

Source : Jinfo.org — Jews in Political Philosophy & Science

Abraham Joshua Heschel1907

Jewish theologian and philosopher of religion

Source : Jinfo.org — Jews in Philosophy

E. D. Hirsch Jr.1928

Théoricien de la littérature; auteur de Cultural Literacy

Source : Jinfo.org — Jews among the 250 most-cited scholars in the Arts & Humanities

Richard Hofstadter1916

Two-time Pulitzer-winning historian of American political culture

Source : Jinfo.org — Jews among the 250 most-cited scholars in the Arts & Humanities

Sidney Hook1902

American pragmatist philosopher

Source : Jinfo.org — Jews in Philosophy

Max Horkheimer1895

Réalisateur of the Frankfurt School and co-founder of critical theory

Source : Jinfo.org — Jews in Philosophy

Edmund Husserl1900

Philosophe qui a fondé phenomenology; born into a Jewish family (later converted to Lutheranism)

Source : Britannica

Ivan Illich

Profiled in Thinkers of the 20th Century

Source : Jinfo.org — Jews Profiled in Thinkers of the Twentieth Century

François Jacob1920

A reçu le 1965 prix Nobel for discovering the operon model of gene regulation.

Source : Jinfo.org — Jews in Biology

Roman Jakobson1896

Fondateur de structural linguistics and modern phonology; a développé distinctive-feature theory.

Source : Jinfo.org — Jews in Linguistics

Hans Kelsen1881

Legal philosopher; a développé the 'Pure Theory of Law' and modern legal positivism

Source : Jinfo.org — Jews in Law & Jurisprudence

Lawrence Klein1980

Économiste who built the first large econometric models of national economies, the Wharton models and Project LINK; Prix Nobel d'économie 1980

Source : Wikipedia — Lawrence Klein / NobelPrize.org Economic Sciences 1980

Melanie Klein1882

Fondateur de object relations theory and child psychoanalysis

Source : Jinfo.org — Jews in Psychology

Arthur Koestler1905

Romancier and essayist ('Darkness at Noon')

Source : Jinfo.org — Jews in Literature

Kurt Koffka1886

Cofondateur de Gestalt psychology

Source : Jinfo.org — Jews in Philosophy

Karl Kraus

Profiled in Thinkers of the 20th Century

Source : Jinfo.org — Jews Profiled in Thinkers of the Twentieth Century

Hans Krebs1953

Discovery of the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) in cellular metabolism

Source : Jinfo.org / Nobel Prize Medicine 1953

Saul Kripke1940

Philosophe and logician connu pour the causal theory of reference and modal logic.

Source : Jinfo.org — Jews in Linguistics

Thomas Kuhn1922

Philosophe of science, auteur de 'The Structure of Scientific Revolutions' and the concept of paradigm shifts

Source : Jinfo.org — Jews in Philosophy

Simon Kuznets1971

Empirical research on economic growth and the measurement of national income

Source : Jinfo.org / Nobel Prize Economics 1971

Imre Lakatos1922

Philosophy of mathematics; Proofs and Refutations

Source : Jinfo.org — Jews in Mathematics

Harold Laski

Profiled in Thinkers of the 20th Century

Source : Jinfo.org — Jews Profiled in Thinkers of the Twentieth Century

Wassily Leontief1905

Économiste qui a créé input-output analysis and compiled the first input-output tables of the American economy; Prix Nobel d'économie 1973

Source : Wikipedia — Wassily Leontief / NobelPrize.org Economic Sciences 1973

Claude Lévi-Strauss1955

Fondateur de structural anthropology; auteur de Tristes Tropiques and The Elementary Structures of Kinship.

Source : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_L%C3%A9vi-Strauss

Lucien Lévy-Bruhl1857

Philosophe français and anthropologist

Source : Jinfo.org — Jews in Philosophy

Kurt Lewin1890

Fondateur de modern social psychology and field theory

Source : Jinfo.org — Jews in Psychology

Oscar Lewis1914

Anthropologue qui a développé the concept of the 'culture of poverty'

Source : Jinfo.org — Jews in Sociology

Walter Lippmann

Profiled in Thinkers of the 20th Century

Source : Jinfo.org — Jews Profiled in Thinkers of the Twentieth Century

Seymour Martin Lipset1922

Leading political sociologist; auteur de 'Political Man'

Source : Jinfo.org — Jews in Sociology

Gyorgy Lukács1885

Hungarian Marxist philosopher and literary theorist

Source : Jinfo.org — Jews in Philosophy

Alexander Luria1902

Fondateur de modern neuropsychology and the study of the brain's functional organization.

Source : Jinfo.org — Jews in Biology

Salvador Luria1912

Showed with Max Delbrück that bacteria mutate spontaneously (fluctuation test); a cofondé the phage group; Prix Nobel de physiologie ou médecine 1969 for discoveries on the replication and genetics…

Source : Wikipedia — Salvador Luria

Rosa Luxemburg

Profiled in Thinkers of the 20th Century

Source : Jinfo.org — Jews Profiled in Thinkers of the Twentieth Century

Karl Mannheim1893

Fondateur de the sociology of knowledge

Source : Jinfo.org — Jews in Philosophy

Gabriel Marcel1889

French existentialist philosopher (of Jewish descent)

Source : Jinfo.org — Jews in Philosophy

Herbert Marcuse1898

Frankfurt School philosopher, auteur de 'One-Dimensional Man'

Source : Jinfo.org — Jews in Philosophy

Abraham Maslow1908

Fondateur de humanistic psychology and the hierarchy of needs

Source : Jinfo.org — Jews in Psychology

Robert K. Merton1994

Fondateur de the sociology of science; coined 'self-fulfilling prophecy' and 'role model'; National Medal of Science (1994)

Source : Jinfo.org — Jewish recipients of the US National Medal of Science

Hermann Muller1890

Showed in 1927 that X-rays produce gene mutations, founding radiation genetics; Prix Nobel de physiologie ou médecine 1946

Source : Wikipedia — Hermann Muller

Lewis Mumford

Profiled in Thinkers of the 20th Century

Source : Jinfo.org — Jews Profiled in Thinkers of the Twentieth Century

Ernest Nagel1901

Philosophe of science, auteur de 'The Structure of Science'

Source : Jinfo.org — Jews in Philosophy

Sir Lewis Namier

Profiled in Thinkers of the 20th Century

Source : Jinfo.org — Jews Profiled in Thinkers of the Twentieth Century

John von Neumann1945

Architecture des ordinateurs et théorie des jeux

Source : Manhattan Project / Princeton

Otto Neurath1882

Vienna Circle philosopher, advocate of physicalism and unified science

Source : Jinfo.org — Jews in Philosophy

Emmy Noether1882

Fondatrice de l'algèbre abstraite moderne; Noether's theorem

Source : Jinfo.org — Jews in Mathematics

J. Robert Oppenheimer1945

Scientific director of the Manhattan Project at Los Alamos; physicien théoricien and, afterwards, an advocate of international control of nuclear weapons

Source : Wikipedia — J. Robert Oppenheimer

Erwin Panofsky1892

Fondateur de modern iconology in art history

Source : Jinfo.org — Jews among the 250 most-cited scholars in the Arts & Humanities

Wolfgang Pauli1945

Physicien théoricien who formulated the exclusion principle and proposed the neutrino; Prix Nobel de physique 1945

Source : Wikipedia — Wolfgang Pauli

Max Perutz1962

Hemoglobin Structure

Source : Nobel Prize Chemistry 1962

Karl Polanyi1886

Economic anthropologist and historian, auteur de 'The Great Transformation'

Source : Jinfo.org — Jews in Anthropology

Michael Polanyi1891

Chimiste physicien connu pour reaction rate theory and adsorption

Source : Jinfo.org — Jews in Chemistry

Karl Popper1902

Philosophe of science, a développé falsifiability as the criterion of demarcation; auteur de 'The Open Society and Its Enemies'

Source : Jinfo.org — Jews in Philosophy

Otto Rank1884

Psychanalyste connu pour theories of the birth trauma and will

Source : Jinfo.org — Jews in Psychology

Wilhelm Reich1897

Psychanalyste and social philosopher

Source : Jinfo.org — Jews in Philosophy

David Riesman1909

Sociologue and author of the influential study of American character 'The Lonely Crowd'

Source : Jinfo.org — Jews in Sociology

Harold Rosenberg

Profiled in Thinkers of the 20th Century

Source : Jinfo.org — Jews Profiled in Thinkers of the Twentieth Century

Marshall Sahlins1930

Anthropologue connu pour 'Stone Age Economics' and 'Islands of History'

Source : Jinfo.org — Jews in Anthropology

Paul Samuelson1948

Economic Theory

Source : Nobel Prize Economics 1970

Edward Sapir1884

Linguiste and anthropologist central to the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis of linguistic relativity.

Source : Jinfo.org — Jews in Linguistics

Meyer Schapiro

Profiled in Thinkers of the 20th Century

Source : Jinfo.org — Jews Profiled in Thinkers of the Twentieth Century

Max Scheler1874

German phenomenologist and founder of philosophical anthropology (of Jewish descent)

Source : Jinfo.org — Jews in Philosophy

Heinrich Schenker

Profiled in Thinkers of the 20th Century

Source : Jinfo.org — Jews Profiled in Thinkers of the Twentieth Century

Arnold Schoenberg1921

Compositeur autrichien who pioneered atonality and the twelve-tone technique, a founder of the Second Viennese School and one of the most influential musical modernists.

Source : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnold_Schoenberg

Gershom Scholem

Profiled in Thinkers of the 20th Century

Source : Jinfo.org — Jews Profiled in Thinkers of the Twentieth Century

Julian Schwinger1918

Physicien; cofondateur de quantum electrodynamics (QED), prix Nobel 1965

Source : Jinfo.org — Jews in Physics

Edward Shils1910

Sociologue connu pour work on tradition, intellectuals, and the 'center and periphery'

Source : Jinfo.org — Jews in Sociology

Georg Simmel1858

Sociologue allemand and philosopher

Source : Jinfo.org — Jews in Philosophy

Herbert Simon1978

Social scientist of administrative decision-making and bounded rationality, and with Allen Newell a pioneer of artificial intelligence; Prix Nobel d'économie 1978

Source : Wikipedia — Herbert A. Simon / NobelPrize.org Economic Sciences 1978

Susan Sontag1933

Écrivain américain and public intellectual whose essays on culture and photography shaped criticism.

Source : IMDb (Jewish Actors list)

Leo Spitzer1887

Romance philologist and founder of literary stylistics.

Source : Jinfo.org — Jews in Linguistics

William Stern1871

Psychologue and philosopher of personalism, originated the concept of IQ

Source : Jinfo.org — Jews in Philosophy

Leo Strauss1899

Political philosopher and scholar of classical political thought

Source : Jinfo.org — Jews in Philosophy

Alfred Tarski1901

Foundational logician; theory of truth and decidability.

Source : Jinfo.org — Jews in Computer Science

Lionel Trilling1905

Preeminent American literary critic of the mid-20th century

Source : Jinfo.org — Jews among the 250 most-cited scholars in the Arts & Humanities

Leon Trotsky

Profiled in Thinkers of the 20th Century

Source : Jinfo.org — Jews Profiled in Thinkers of the Twentieth Century

Lev Vygotsky1896

Psychologue whose work on thought and language founded developmental psycholinguistics.

Source : Jinfo.org — Jews in Linguistics

Simone Weil1909

Philosophe français and mystic

Source : Jinfo.org — Jews in Philosophy

Max Wertheimer1880

Fondateur de Gestalt psychology

Source : Jinfo.org — Jews in Philosophy

Norbert Wiener1894

A fondé cybernetics and statistical communication theory.

Source : Jinfo.org — Jews in Computer Science

Eugene Wigner1902

Mathematical physicist; brought group theory and symmetry principles into quantum mechanics, theory of the nuclear force; Prix Nobel de physique 1963

Source : Wikipedia — Eugene Wigner

Louis Wirth1897

Pionnier de urban sociology; auteur de 'Urbanism as a Way of Life'

Source : Jinfo.org — Jews in Sociology

Ludwig Wittgenstein1889

Philosophe of language, auteur de the 'Tractatus' and 'Philosophical Investigations'.

Source : Jinfo.org — Jews in Linguistics