Martin Orne

Orne was a Jewish American psychiatrist and psychologist whose experimental work on hypnosis and on 'demand characteristics' — the cues that lead subjects to behave as they think the experimenter expects — reshaped how psychology validates its findings. He was a leading authority on the reliability of hypnosis and memory in forensic and clinical settings. Born into a Jewish family in Vienna, he and his family fled Nazi Austria and settled in the United States.