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Philosophy & Social Sciences

Baruch de Spinoza

Who

Baruch de Spinoza · Philosophy & Social Sciences

What

Dutch rationalist philosopher, foundational figure of the Enlightenment; author of the Ethics

When

1632, Amsterdam, Dutch Republic — 1677, The Hague, Dutch Republic

Where

Dutch Republic (Netherlands)

Biography

Baruch de Spinoza is recognized among Jewish contributors to Philosophy & Social Sciences — Dutch rationalist philosopher, foundational figure of the Enlightenment; author of the Ethics

How & why

Baruch de Spinoza was a Dutch rationalist philosopher whose 'Ethics' offered a rigorous, geometry-styled system identifying God with Nature and became foundational to the Enlightenment and modern secular thought. He was born in Amsterdam into a Portuguese Sephardic Jewish community and, at 23, was placed under a cherem (excommunication) by that community for his heterodox views, after which he lived apart from organized religion while grinding lenses. His Jewish origins and the rupture with the Jewish community are central to his biography.

Sources & external links

Verify and go deeper with these external references.

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baruch_Spinoza

Contributions & Sources

Dutch rationalist philosopher, foundational figure of the Enlightenment; author of the Ethics

1677

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baruch_Spinoza