Welfare of the stranger
Who
Origin in the Hebrew Bible and Jewish tradition; not a single author.
When
c. 6th century BCE and earlier (biblical period)
Where
Ancient Israel / the Levant
The Hebrew Bible repeatedly commands care for the ger, the stranger or resident foreigner, telling Israelites to love and not oppress the stranger 'for you were strangers in the land of Egypt' (Exodus 22:21; Leviticus 19:34; Deuteronomy 10:19). This ethic of protecting the vulnerable outsider became a lasting contribution of Jewish tradition to later moral and legal thought. It arises from the Torah rather than from any single named author.
Sources
Part of “The Gifts of the Jews” — verified Jewish contributions to the world, with sources.