The von Neumann architecture
Who
John von Neumann, a Hungarian-born Jewish mathematician
When
1945
Where
Princeton, United States
In a 1945 draft report von Neumann set out the idea that a computer should hold its instructions in the same memory as its data. Nearly every computer built since — including the one you are reading this on — follows that plan.
Part of “The Gifts of the Jews” — verified Jewish contributions to the world, with sources.