The Standard Model (quarks)
Who
Murray Gell-Mann, an American physicist from a Jewish immigrant family, who proposed quarks; George Zweig, also of Jewish descent, proposed the same idea independently.
When
1964
Where
Caltech, Pasadena, USA
In 1964 Murray Gell-Mann proposed that protons and neutrons are built from smaller particles he called quarks, a cornerstone of the Standard Model of particle physics; he won the 1969 Nobel Prize in Physics. Gell-Mann was born in Manhattan to Jewish immigrants from Austria-Hungary. George Zweig, also of Jewish descent, independently proposed the same particles.
Sources
Part of “The Gifts of the Jews” — verified Jewish contributions to the world, with sources.