Streptomycin
Who
Selman Waksman, a Ukrainian-born Jewish-American microbiologist, with his graduate student Albert Schatz.
When
1943
Where
Rutgers University, New Jersey, United States
Streptomycin, isolated in 1943 in Selman Waksman's laboratory by student Albert Schatz, was the first antibiotic effective against tuberculosis. It transformed the treatment of a disease that had been a leading cause of death. Waksman, a Jewish immigrant from the Russian Empire, received the 1952 Nobel Prize and coined the word 'antibiotic'.
Sources
Part of “The Gifts of the Jews” — verified Jewish contributions to the world, with sources.