Penicillin development
Who
Ernst Boris Chain, a German-Jewish biochemist who fled Nazi Germany in 1933, shared the work of turning penicillin into a usable drug with Howard Florey (Alexander Fleming had first observed the mould).
When
1938–1945
Where
Oxford, England
Penicillin, the first mass-produced antibiotic, saved millions of lives from bacterial infection. The biochemist Ernst Chain, a refugee from Nazi Germany of Jewish descent, led the Oxford team that isolated and stabilised the compound, and shared the 1945 Nobel Prize in Medicine for the achievement.
Sources
Part of “The Gifts of the Jews” — verified Jewish contributions to the world, with sources.